7
$2.95usa
Aostraifa
A
$ 475
N&wZoaiand
NZ $4 75
Sirw&B
S
$ 945
Hong Kong
H 32350
Mrtays*
M
5 9 45
Sweden
30SEK
MICRO JOURNN.
YOUR CHCDICEsmart either way
Over 140 software driven functions
82 x 24 or 82 x 20 screen format — software selectable
High resolution 7x12 matrix characters — P-31 green phosphor
Upper/lower case character set — plus graphics character set
56-key alphanumeric keyboard — plus 12-key cursor, numeric pad
Internal editing functions — insert, delete, scroll, roll, slide, etc.
Parallel printer I/O port
50 to 38,400 baud operation — programmable
Cursor type, cursor position, print control characters, protected fields,
shift inversion, dual intensity and many other features
8212 — twelve-inch diagnonal screen or 8209 — nine-inch diagnonal screen
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION
219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS 78216 (512) 344 0241
from the 8 bit 6809 microprocessor allowing it to
outperform many 16 bit systems
With the UnlREX 1 " Operating System, the
6 bit 6809 microprocessor con
perform as well as larger CPUs In a multi-
user, multi-tasking environment.
Independently developed from the
ground up, UnlFLEX' 1 ' closely models the
features round In the UNIX* Operating
System. And In two years of use. UniFlEX'*
has proven the abilities oft he 6809 to
perform lorgesystem functions when
Incorporated Into a property designed
malntrome.
Some of the features supported include:
• full mulil-user, multi-tasking capabilities
• hierarchical file systems
• device Independent I/O
• four Gigabyte disk capacities
• full file protection
• inter-task communication vlo pipes
• I/O redirection
• task swopping for efficient memoiy
usage
• full random-access flies
• comprehensive shell command
language
• foreground-background fobs
• electronic moll and prlnterspooltng
• system accounting facilities
The supporf software currenilyovailable
tor use underUnlFiEX" Is extensive.
A sampling of the programs available
Includes
• native C compiler (full
Implementation)
• native Pascal compiler
• FORTRAN 77 ANSI Subset compiler
• COBOL compiler with ISAM Hies, Report
Writer A Sort/Merge
• Extended BASIC Interpreter
• Extended BASIC precompiler
• text editing and processing sottwaie
• enhanced printer spooler
• variety of obsoluteond relocatable
assemblers
• debug and diagnostic packages
Technical Systems Consultants. Inc, also
offers a line of single user FLEX* 1 software
products for 6800 and 6609 processors.
For those hovfng an absolute need for a
16 bit processor, UnlftW will be ovall-
able through OEM licensing arrange-
ments for the 68000 microprocessor.
Please call or write for additional
infoimatlon on individual products or
OEM licensing arrangements.
VH\X Ibo (fodemoKof Deli loboroloilet
R£X" and UnlFlEX '" are irademoritsof technical
Systemi Cansulfonri, inc
technical /y/tenrv
con/ultant/. inc.
111 Providence Rood
Chopel Hill. North Carolina 27514
(919)493-1451
66' Micro Journal
Portions of the text for 66 MICRO KkftHAL was prepared
using the following furnished hard/software.
(WVTERS-HAflDW*^
Southwest Technical Products
219 W. Rhapsody
San Antonio, Texas 78216
S09-5/8 DMF dlsk-C0SI-8212W-Sprlnt 3 Printer
GIMIX Inc.
1337 West 37th Place
CMcago, IL 60609
Super MeInframe-0S9-FLEX-Assorted Hardware
EDITORS-tfXD PROCESSORS
Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.
Ill Providence Road
Chapel Hill, NC 275! 4
FLEX-Edi tor-Processor
Great Plains Computer Company, Inc.
PO Box 916
Idaho Talis, 10 83401
STYLD-MaH Merge
Editorial Staff
Don Williams Sr. Publisher
Larry E. Williams Executive Editor
Tom t* Williams Production Editor
Robert (Bob) Nay Color Editor
Administrative Staff
Mary Robertson Office Manager
Joyce Williams Accounting
Carolyn Williams Subscr JptTons
Penny WIN lams File Management
Contributing Editors
Ron Anderson
N m Commo
Peter Olbble
Or. Theo Elbert
William E. Fisher
Or. E.M. Pass
Special Technical Projects
Clay Abrams K6AEP
Tom Hunt
CONTENTS
Vol. V, Issue V MAY'B3
FLEX USER NOTES 10 Anderson
COLOR USER NOTES 12 Nay
•C USER NOTES 16 Commo
'C FLOATING POINT IB Battelnger
Harkness
0S9 USER NOTES 19 Dibble
0S9 MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY 21 Burega
MICR0WARE ANNUAL USER SEMINAR.. 2T
STRUCTURED ASSEMBLE MACROS 25 Lee I ere
SMALL/SIKf'LE EXEC-68KEC8-6B000. 34 Duclos
REGULATOR PROBLEMS 38 Stark
BIT BUCKET 38 A I I of us
Editor's Note - Software copy.. 38 DMVI
M00EM PROGRAM (another) 40 Burega
TSC EDITOR MOO 42 Hughes
PTR-3 REVIEW 43 Thomas
HELP 45
CLASSIFIEDS 45
Advertisers Index 62
MICRO
JOURfM
Send All Correspondence To:
Computer Publishing Center
66 HlOtt JOURNAL
5900 Cassandra Smith
PO Box 849
Hlxson, TN 37343
615 842-4600
Copyrighted 1983 by Computer Publishing, lac. (CPI)
68* Micro Journal is published 12 times a year by
Computer Publishing Inc. Second Class Postage
Paid ISSN 0194-5025 at Hlxson, Tenn. and
additional entries. Postmaster: send Fonr 3579 to
68 r Micro Journal, P0 Box 849, Hlxson. Tennessee.
SIBSOUPTI0N RATES
USA
1-Year S24.50 2-Years $42.50 3-Years $64.50
FOREIGN
See Page 52
Items Submitted for Pu Meat ion
Articles submitted for publication should be
accompanied by the authors full namm, address, date and
telephone number. It Is preferred that articles be
submitted on either 5 or 8 Inch diskette In TSC Editor
format or STYLO format. AM diskettes will be returned.
The following TSC Text Processor comrnands ONLY should
be used (due to our proportional processor): .sp space,
.pp paragraph, .fl fill and «nf no fill. Also please do
not format within the text with multiple spaces. The
rest we will enter at time of editing.
STYLO commands are all acceptable except the ,pg page
command, we print edited text files In contlnous text .
All articles submitted on diskettes should be In TSC
FLEX* format, either FLEX2 6800, or FLEX9 6809 any ver-
sion.
If articles are submitted on paper they should be on
white 8X11 bond or better grade paper. No hand written
articles (hand written or drawn art accepted). All
paper submitted articles will be photo reproduced.
This requires that they be typed or produced with a
dark ribbon (no blue}, single spaced and type font no
smaller than ♦elite 1 or 12 pitch. Typed text should be
approximately 7 Inches wide (will be reduced to column
width of 3 f/2 Inches). Please use a dark ribbon!
All letters to the editor should also comply with the
above and bear a signature. Letters of 'gripes' as well
as 'praise 1 are solicited. We attempt to publish all
letters to the editor verbatim, however, we reserve the
right to reject any submission for lack of ♦good taste*.
We reserve the right to define what constitutes 'good
taste*.
Advertising: Commercial advertisers please contact the
68 Micro Journal advertising department for current
rate sheet and requirements.
Classified: All classified must be non-commercial.
Maximum 20 words per classified ad. Those consisting of
more than 20 words should be figured at .35 cents per
word, 20 words or less 17.50 minimum, one time, paid In
advance. No classified ads accepted by telephone.
68' Micro Journal
Intelligent Serial I/O Processor Board Now Available
The GIMIX Intelligent Three-port RS-232C Serial I/O Interface can significantly increase
throughput of a multi-user system by reducing the number of interrupts between user
terminals and the host CPU. The Intelligent I/O Board accomplishes this by buffering data
transfers between system and users and preprocessing of the data.
Appropriate on-board software and operating system drivers are required. Software and
drivers for OS-9 Level 2 will be available shortly from GlMlX.
• INDEPENDENT ON-BOARD 2MHZ 68B09 CPU
^ UP TO 20K OF ON-BOARD MEMORY (EPROM and RAM)
• BUFFERED DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN HOST AND ONBOARD
CPU USING A Z8038 FIO I/O INTERFACE UNIT
^ THREE RS-232C SERIAL I/O PORTS (6551 As) WITH SOFTWARE
SELECTABLE BAUD RATES, WORD LENGTH, STOP BITS, PARITY
Standard Version Including 4K RAM (Without Software) $438.11
— PARALLEL VERSION COMING SOON —
Uniflex For GIMIX Winchester Systems
TSC will be providing UniFLEX compatible with GIMIX Winchester systems. The NEW
versions of UniFLEX for use with the Winchester systems will be delivered on 5 M media as well
as 8" media.
GIMIX 30 Pin Prototyping Board Now Available
• Double sided with plated thru holes and gridded power and ground lines.
• 8 rows of pads on .100 x .300 centers; up to 41 fourteen pin ICs.
• Accepts standard 6, 8, 14, 16, 20, 24, and 40 pin DIP devices.
• The entire top edge has pads for .100 x .100 header (ribbon) connectors.
• Pads for solder connections or .100 center headers on all 30 bus lines.
• Accepts 3 TO-220 regulators, 1 on the +8V & 1 ea. on the +/- 16V lines.
• Provisions for decoupling caps distributed throughout the array.
• Can be used with wire wrap, wiring pencil, solder wiring, etc.
With gold bus connectors and heat sinks (unassembled) $38.33
Now Available From GIMIX
(U.S. & Canada Only)
THE WINDRUSH EPROM PROGRAMMER
• Probably the most versatile EPROM PROGRAMMER available. Interface & software for
EXORcisor - II (fully addressable) and S50 bus systems.
• PROGRAMS AND VERIFIES 2508/2708, 2516/2716 (SINGLE AND TRIVOLT TYPES)
2532, 2732 t 2732A, 2564, 2764 and the 128K TMS2528 (16K x 8)
WITHOUT ADDITIONAL PERSONALITY' MODULES -.
• PROGRAMMER extends out to your work area via 5' of twisted pair cable.
• EXTENSIVE COMMANDS MENU . . . MOVE DATE, READ, PROGRAM, VERIFY EPROMS,
EXAMINE/CHANGE BUFFER, FORMATTED DUMP OF BUFFER, FILL BUFFER.
• Fully documented user's manual w/schematics & theory of operation. Professionally
finished PCBs w/solder resist & component overlay.
• SOFTWARE AVAILABLE FOR FLEX 2/9, SSB, OS-9 (LVL 1 NOW, LVL 2 LATER)
and MDOS...AII source files supplied. Specify disk size please!
NOTE: One version is supplied FREE. Extra versions: $25.00 each.
S-30 Interface/Programmer/Baseplate/Cable $375.00
EXORcisor Interface/Programmer/Baseplate/Cable $395.00
Ci Mix inc resents rr* riq*i * c^nge pncmQ and Product m7 ia/cct i7tk di apc ^^^^m M ^^h^^ m ^k. ^
vm**B**m*«m*m*m«immM 1337 WEST37th PLACE ji»lMIX#
CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60609 ■ _JI|T| ^K flC
GiMll* andGHOST' jr« repsier* trademarks Of GlMtl <nc -. Q9 _ ^^31 I 1 III .J^k.
FUft s«o until* are trademark or Tecfwcai Systems Consultants inc ^ ' ** y * ' "^ ' U ^^^^H II I II ^W ^^
0S9 rs a trademark ot Mtroware inc TWX 9 10-22 1-4055 igtf GlMlX inc
68' Mlc/o Journal j
*****>*
**«.>
' °1«A «*•*, "Vfc
******
OS-9 Seminar August 12, 13, 14, 15
* l w Mtcrowofw Syttnn Corporation
*js See Page 20 for Details
'66' Micro Journal
"\
* ^u^^ *
32 PAGE CATALOG
FEATURING SOFTWARE
FOR SS-50 and 6809
BASED SYSTEMS!
CALL TO RECEIVE YOURS TODAY
(315)474-7856
FRANK
HOGC
_ _ ^^^BORATORY
THE REGENCY TOWER ■ SUITE 2 1 5 ■ 770 JAMES ST • SYRACUSE, NY 13203
PHONEI3 13H74-7B5© • TELEX 646740
^ J
68* Micro Joumai
ANNOUNCING
ElectroScreen™
\LaiJ,
onW„
$595
the Superior Alternative T „, r ,
to the Traditional Alphanumeric Terminals
The ElectroScreen - Intelligent Graphics Board Features:
Graphics
• 512 x 480 resolution bit-mapped display
• Interleaved memory access — fast snow-tree updates
Intelligence
• 6809 on-board mpu
• 6K on-board firmware
• STD syntax high level graphics command set
• Removes host graphics software burden
• Flexible texl and graphics integration
• Multiple character sizes
• User programs can be run on-board
Terminal
• Terminal emulation on power-up
• 83 characters by 48 lines display
• Easy switching among user-defined character sets
• Fast hardware scrolling
Additional Features
• SS-50C and SS-64 compatible board
• Goard communicates with host through parallel latches
• Composite and TTL level video output
• 8 channel 8 bft A/D converter
• Goard occupies 4 address bytes
See your dealer today!
The ElectroScreen manual is available for $10. credited toward purchase of the board.
The ElectroScreen has a 90 day
warranty from purchase dale
Dealers, please contact us for our
special introductoiy package.
mJMPrivacInc
MEOBUBM 371 1 S George Mason Dr F
(703)671-3900
Falls Church. Va 22041
68* Micro Journal
THE CHIEFTAIN " 5/4-INCH WINCHESTER
HARD DISK COMPUTER
SO ADVANCED IN SO MANY WAYS . . .
AND SO COST-EFFECTIVE . . .
IT OBSOLETES MOST OTHER SYSTEMS
AVAILABLE TODAY AT ANY PRICE.
• HARD DISK SYSTEM CAPACITV
Ihe Chieftain series Includes 5'/* and 6-inch
Winchesters that range from 4 to 60
megabyte capacity and higher as technology
advances All hard disk Chieftains include
64-k memoiy with two serial ports and
D0S6SJ* disk operating system.
• LIGHTNING ACCESS TIME
Average access time for 5'Vinch Winchesters
is 70 msec comparable to far more costly
hard dish systems, Hut means data transfer
tenlime* faster than floppy disk systems.
Write or call today
for details (including the
remarkably low prices)
on the total Chieftain
Series . . . and on
dealership opportunities.
• 2-MJ1Z OPERATION
AU Chieftains operate at 2-MHz. regardless
of disk storage type or op rating system
used. Compare this to other hard disk
systems, ivo matter how much they cost!
• DMA DATA TRANSFER
DMA data transfer lo-anoMrom tape and dJsk
is provided for optimum speed, A special
design technique eliminates the necessity
of halting the processor to wait for data
which normally transfers at a slower speed
detennlned by the rotational velocity of
the disk.
• RUNS UNDER DOS OR OS-9
Mo matter which Chieftain you select . . ,
5^ or 8 inch floppy, or 5H- or 8 inch
Winchester with tape or floppy back up . . ,
they aJJ run under 005 or OS 9 with
no need to modify hardware or software.
• UNBOUNDED ELEXIBIU1Y
You'll piobably never use it, but any Chieftain
hard disk system can drive up to 20 other
Winchesters, and four tape drives, with a
single DMA interface board I
• SMOKE SIGNALS HERITAGE OF
EXCELLENCE
Tills new<jencTaticm computer is accompa
nled by the seme LnduranceCertifled
quality Dealers and end users all over the
world have come to expect from Smoke
Signal. And support, software selection and
extremely competitive pricing are very much
a part of that enviable reputation.
20- Megabyte Tape Streamer Back- Up Option
Available with all Chieftain bard disk configurations. Triis cartridge tape capability
provides full 20 megabyte dish backup in les*> than five minutes with just one
command, or copy command for individual tile transfers, Transfers data tape to-
disk or dish to tape, floppy h.n K up is ( -||so available in a variety of configurations,
The Chieftain Computer Systems:
Mere are the Chieftain 6809-based hard disk computers that are destined to
change the data processing industry . . .
□ CHIEFTAIN 95W4
4 megabyte Stt inch Winchester with
a 360-k floppy dish drive I pictured).
□
CHIEFTAIN 95XW4
4 megabyte. S^lncn Winchester with
a 730-k ooto-densHy floppy dish drive.
□
□
CHIEFTAIN 98WI5
15 megabyte. 5' 1 inch Winchester *ilh
a i mcga&yte 6-inch floppy dish drive,
CHIEfTAin 9WI5T20
15 m^93byie S&viflrh Winchester with
a 20 megabyte tape streamer.
Name
SMOKE SIGNAL BROADCASTING®
31336 VIA COLINAS
WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CA 91362
TEL (213) 889-9340
I
I
I Company
I
i
i
i
| Telephone (
Address ..
City.
. State -
.Zip
68' Micro Journal
ELEKTRA Means Quality
ELEKTRA CABINET Made Of heavyweight 080" thick ilurnmum Interior 14 1*-1 12"
wide by 2 I ■ F'fl d«p by 6-3'4 high Heavy duly A C hne cord A C fuse holder EMI
filter Fan with filter Back pane* naa 10 cutouts Uk D type dale connect on Front panel
(U» key on'oll power switch J illuminated push button iwilctars {Reset end
NMI/Aboitp, irm two u toots for 5-i'4 disk drives $25000
Flee* F^Uto f^ 6- 1/4" drive opening StOOO fan Filler $1000
POWER SUPPLY hkgneVguahly linear power supply CONSERVATIVELY rued *i t£s
; -, Ain i6* Ji(tt i6v 3 primary inputs lo* light tiled end heavy toid-no
2?0y Version $20000 H0v Version §17500
DISK R EQULATOa BO AMD WITH CABLE* Standard version to* 2 floppy dmes *M 00
Heavy duly veriion for i Wmcn«w dnve and t floppy drive. 175 00
ELEXTflA UNIVERSAL MOT HER BO ADD Heavy wetghi 125" truck W tong by tj"
wrde 1 1 memory (50 pmi not* * or 8 slots may be cut off tor t hoMer wng to u or 10"
kswgtrts respectively »l'Ol» pm) slot* C iPHj tiJ iB^ flB^g or I/O stole
Cno<a of «. a. or IB hid'MMi par I O Hoi Beee ■»■ lor I/O HOH sen be placed *
30. 64 of 126 byte increment* respechveiv l spacing between en memory arid 1*0
Hot* Extended mdreeung cjipatmny f w both memory and I/O porta for evjessng 8B-
50C bid epecmcafhons On board baud rale generator with low end ragn rarvgea
ptO¥KMng lumper seieclabJt met of ?5 through 36 400 lor each of trie five baud rite
■■nee SlOW device Circuitry permuting 1 UH; 30 pin disk controllers lo fun with? MHt 50
pm CPU boardi Bar aboard w/docu mentation |B0 00
Krt w/gord connector* $320 00 Assembled w/goio connectors $300 00
Kit wAsn CPnnec tore $240 00 AaaemHed w/tin connecton $30000
ELEKTRA CHASSIS Includes cabinet. HOv Power supply, power suPPly eblea
standard dim regulator Ooerd with power cables, motherboard with goid «quare pin
connect e luembfed end tested 1050 00
ELECTA A CPU ft Use art her the 6002 or WO* (to run B800 son ware) o* B809 Haa
p#ora«>n tor up to 327 1 6 e«*bms, 1 K scratchpad MCBMO tnP*« twne*. and an optonei
peud rite oeneielar providing baud rate* from liO itvough 38.400 baud m iwo user
seise* able ungn The board supports OMA by either HALT oi
CPU it used The
The board suPP©«tsOMA by either HALT orBUSREO when • 6808
board *iii am an r> tre Mhc&ljG'* compeiibte mone y s m m*
6802 6008 mode end SBUGE HUUBliO and MICROSUG m ihe 6809 mode Versaon*
of OS-o™ Level * are available
Bareboerd (5000 Krr 122SO0 Assembled 127500
2RB900 HUMBUG MOOD 2K6A09 MICRO BUG $3000 See 4K HUMBUGS next page
Option*) Baud Ra *a Gene* rlw $2500
ELEKTRA DPS OUAL PORT SERIAL CAR0 Fits the iiandard 30 pm S SSOtx rt I/O Hoi
Can he ponbgurad lor 4 addresses per port •** iheBpo* ?e*P*eaeea m irten the A
• edoreeeae per port with me B port a id dn aeei »V<ei ONanihe 4 pon Eecft
port o< tor it edOreeeaa per port
port w ler mtneied at t«
other for lermrval or
pon w ler mMieied at two 18 p»n op eocieti one loziel configured lor modem and *
RTS CTS OIR OCO and DTP are epproprnieif
■mpiemeriied Eich port hn independent eeieclion ot baud rale Each port eJlowi the
internal r«|uwtt to be independenUy jumpered to Ihe iROor FlRQ/NMI hu» line
Bareboard $2000 Km $0000 Assembled $0000
Cebiee a eo needed per boerdr Each $2000
ELEKTRA DTP OUAL POUT PAR ALLEL CARD Frtt Ihe standard 30 pm 5S.50 bus I/O
slot Cm* be used m e»\r*ef the 4 or 16 e dd re s ses per |/0 elol oonhguration occupying
lhetnsi tour eddr ess es of the UO tKM The dxecfion of the ttl puffers can becontrohed
oy niher on ooard ptnpt connwefors or by e signet worn theparvphessis The interrupt
tegueeih tor each port may be individually pumper ed to en her tfwmOor FIRO/WMI
aarebojfd $2000 Kit $60 00 Assembled $80 00
Cable* (two needed per board) Each $20 00
ELEKTRA 0*5 Oust drive c binel lor 5-1/4" drives wilh po er supply
hn« cord, Ium power twitch, and po*er cable to drives 125 00
ELEKTRA HO-S tHii^y duty version o* 0-5 pachlge sbovtj ISO 00
ELEKTRA $HD-1 (Super heavy duty Powers i Winchester mn t Hoppy) 175 00
5 nbbon cable tor dual b 1/4 disk drives 40 00
ELEKTRA OS Dual dnve cabinet, power supply pe cable lor tr drive* 3S0 00
6" nbbon cable tor dual r d tfc dr«ei 45 00
GOLD 10 PIN CONNECT OPS tSpeCily male w, squire pm* or female i 1 50
TtM 10 PIN CONNECTOHS tSpec>t v mi4 w tquve pint or i*mai*> 50
Prices ind in*enlory ire tubjecl to change wiihout advance notice
Thu ad H our cat nog
WARNING AAA Chicago Computer Center doei not provide repair or diagnostic
servkca lor cuitomer assembled hits AAA Chicago Computet Center does warranty
snd ma intiin >i>p \t ic; d for «u r a*i*m bled hair di T he cust omer b hou Id c J re lu 1 1 y take into
coniideralion the small dttlerenttn sepiriting our tut and assembled prices when
making hit choice of purchase
We have i ntr oduced ou f tins ot to m pgier equipment wit h the purpose ol offer mg | he
highest quality o> component* possible et affordable prices fhewe ptpducl* sre
intended for OEM appitcitions #hete it n the responsibility ol the purchaser to
intagrite these components with suitable memory disk coniroHers. dVrves. end
soh w« if Hong with I O terminer* to form working computer systems
AAA CHICAGO COMPUTER CENTER
120 CHESTNUT LANE • WHEELING "L 60000
OT2| 45»-0450
Technical const: Its Hon avwtsbie 4 PM lo 6 PM most weeKdiy* Closed evenings and
weekwndt
TERMS Minimum order $?Q 00 Shipping and hindimg estimates within the Continental
u S add 3S IMIN IMUM %2 50) Illinois residents add 6% sale* Ian We will refund your
overestimated shipping and handling charges Foreign shipping and hmdfmg. add 10%
4 MINIMUM 1 10 OOl F o reign or den must be pr epa id m U S dollars Heavy foreign Hems
wilt be shipped air ir eight cot reel Please phone between 4 PM and 6 PM weekdays if
quetttont arise regarding shipping toes Master Charge. Visa, snd American Express
Ovesvetpvt ••» sr* not lUflMioe
phone tor tocre>c4t heap eurmg ihe hours nr*. tei above Tne too bfejvent dhai aj et g
of our inventory end prrces makes it unecianomtcai to publish ■ catalog Our ads sre
m te noed to serve thai purpose Pnees snd inventory ire suOrect to entrvge without
sdvanee not we
10/00 OOK Diim I head ? heeds
30 day guarantee COC COC
Vi'4 7 . lOlrecM 22500 29900
5-1/4 . 80 iracss N/A 375 00
Service Manual (Specify 40 or BO track I
r. 77 tracks OS '00 Ourna
Service Manual 4Qume OT-flp
t head
Hippy
2 head*
2 heads
MPI
Siemens
MPI
(JtJMI
250 X
260 00
325 00
350 00
325 00
335 00
42500
450 X
2000
3500
525 00
40 00
Plektra
COMPUTER PRODUCTS
SMOOTH Software
(AJI ol our sonwere is copyr«ghted snd sit nghis ire reserved Source ts either supptwd
or oplionaliy availsble at exificosi sot hal the purchaser can modify our programs for
his Own use Licensing newer** ts required for commercial resale)
SUPER MO EM PROGRA
Smgie characier command for simplicity
Hsrdwars independent (No interrupts required) Assumes modem ts connect loan
MCBASfl (serial mterlece) and the control terminal *s nnected to an MC6860 <or
MCB820 vmen used wilh the vHieo version ol GMX uG ta l
Transmr msnuslfy to ditlani computei
Transmit disk tiles (le«1) ol any tsngtn lo distant compiitei
Ftecei ve Mna save disk fries < lexi) of any tongt h on local d is* system H sanding co mputer
does not support *n Jt-on/x-otl protocol, then the received fifes sre hm led in sue by t he
computer memory
Tested tor lufl duple* operation at speeds up to 0600 baud (CRT lerrmnu must be
capable of operating et a baud rate higher ihen ihe one the modem ts operated at )
HaJf duPto* option m case distant compuier doean t echo
Echo option so user csn sumutite a hme the ring syslem < Super Modem Progrsm
doesn I suppon auto- answer bui the source is provided tor those individuals who wtsh
lo adapt our program lo their ipeoel needs )
PepLaees CR wiihCR/LF (user option} for those using time sharing sysiems I hal don 1
trinsmrt LF's
Show disk Metransmit bstedon ensractar verdicetion (plus user mstai led timing oops J
neeessary) for use on time Bin ring systems lo which di*k files cennoi be seniai speeds
suggested by ihe baud rale
Please specify 6800 or OoOO, 5SB or FLEX 1 - 5 or 6"
Menuel and ots* wiin both source and object code $7500
STANDARO MODEM PROGRA
Same as Super Modem Progrem above but without ECHO option CR4.F torCRopbon
stow disk lito irsnsnvl option, nor X-on/x-of f option Receptcm of d sk files n limned to
those smal enough so svmp*e*«ty id within the receiving butler
PVwae oec.ty 6B« or 66091 SSB or FLEX' 5 ore-
Manual with instructions source listing and ftow chan n diss with
both source and object code $45 00
Manual wilh instructions source lisiing. and (low chart , ?5 00
MOOEM8 <Rv US. Robotfce)
Auto-O«et rs Hayes competifSe
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MANUAL AUTO AUTO-ANS
ANSWER ANSWER AUTO-OlAL
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THESE ADS ARE OUR CATALOG
68' MrCfO Journal
GIMIX CLEARANCE SALE ALL 6IMIX ITEMS MUST GO!
'■
All new GIMIX item s 20% eft list prices whttesuppty lasts { See our ad in the April issue
ol r a MICRO JOURNAL f r Hal pricing) Some items n\ey be drop snipped by other
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Tne following used item* are in perfect working condition
32K GiMiX memory boards $175 00. GIMIX 6800 CPU boards H?5 00. GlMix chassis
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Editor . Tent Pr eaaor . Mailing Leber*
Maying Ltsit - Use any CRT lermwiai and printer
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mpul (multiple fines). list neat, owe* lay (with cursor edging, character deletion and
insertion), ovcrstn*e (tor selected da*- kef tentj , print, restart set lop. under hne, up, and
verily
Support! Tesl Processing oommende such as block copy, block m e. centering
m rgm Jgali'icallon (widen end narr w), dgrng. end tebbing
Mailing Uat* end labels. Use the seme m Img u*l du* Tile (win protected ereee) lor
bolh ma ling labels sod repeal tellers flepe t letters are personally adress lo each
person or selected persons on Ihe mailing list
Host PowtrlutFOe Handier found in any editor Append one tiielolheend of another or
insert Imager on? file into another aa designated by the line pointer Pnni specified
tinea io your printer or io a dish tile Edit fees targe* men the tail butter Does not
produce output riles when not desired Delete drsfc tiles rrom the editor
Printer commands, Control characters can be sanl to Hie printer tor lorm i control
either direclty from the eonlrol terminal or by imoeddlng them in the lex 1 The set
command ooniains inierf aee I miia* nation and cher cier output routines I o support ihe
SWTPC MP-C Inieriace em well a* the standard serial and parallel interfaces Jumps are
also provided ro user suppi led Prtnier routines User selects the port address (0 thru ?, A
or 6 ) thereby elJ mmating the need k)r the u set to install printer soi t ware routines Editor
can be miltelued for either 4 or \6 addresses per port
Editor allows exiting lo either ihe monitor or DOS and men reenter (WarmSlertl without
destroying previously prepared lexl in ihe hulfer The ttesiB'1 command er es
contents i n ihe buffer without ihe user hev nO to reload the Editor
Tne Editor allows the user to toggle between full dupta* (n echo) and alf duplex
(echo) aa needed a responds io commands in boin upper and I wer case nd can be
used to create assembler source code end Basic Programs as well as texi
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Printed source asirnn is eve«leb*e lor an additional
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Software by Technical Systems Consultants, tne.
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66000 Cross Assembler on 6809
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Extended Basic
Basic Precompiler Ispeciiy standard or extended)
Pascal
OeOuo Peerage o» OiagnosHc Package
6BO» Relocating Aaaerobter 6 kintmg Loader
Fortran {Require* Relocating Assemble* 6 Linking loader)
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CIS Coool Compiler COO 00
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* Modems {Up 10 $10000 of' tist| See out ad on ihe previous page
' SWTPC MP 096. sockeied win baud rate generator (only t Ml} I7S.Q0
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* MlCROBUG I2K 6609 Baby HUMBUG by Peter Slarkl 3000
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' SWTPC 4K Memory JTS 00 ftK Memory $40 00 MP-C HO 00
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* High speed lape reader S7&Q0 ' SWTPC PR -40 Printer 76,00
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Oyn mtie Disassembler
Dynamiie - (Updale Send original diskette plus $40 00j
SUPCR SLEUTH OisassemMer System i$t01 00 lor OS 9 version}
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6609 SWTPC FLEX- Disk arid manual (Disk only 15 00)
DC~4 Disk Controller (SS/DS, SD/OO, 5-1/4''
S32 Universal Sl*'^ Memory Board (wrlnoui rnamory c*npmj
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MP'S2 Ouaj Port Serial 120 00 MP-L2 Ouel Port Paiallal
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MPT Interrupt Timer 92 00 MP-09 2MH/ 6809 CPU Board
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SSB Monitor (Specify 6800/6609, $8008 %E0CA %f7EB\
SSB version ol FLEx* iwithout Ednlor snd Assembler)
LMBtA Moiner board
SCB-69 6809 CPU Bo rd
PAR- 1 Ouai Port Parallel Board
SER-2 Duel Pori Serial Board wrin 2 Cables
Chief 90 64K Computer System
Chief 8524 64K Computer System with OS DT-OD 5" FO
Slahc Memory Boards M-I6X t9500 M-24-X 295 00 M-32-X
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Cont'd is up to lour 5 V4" drives end four 6 drives tor a lot at of eight system drives lor
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drives) improved programmed mpul/ output i.PIO| interlace thai allows singhe and
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Analog phase locked loop dale separaio/s for mam mum reliability Provide* separate
adjustment* lor S inch and 6 inch drives Analog wnie precompertsehon circuit *iin
separate ad|uslmenls lor & inch and inch drives Designed lo meet Ihe data hold
requirements ol Western Dig Hal floppy disk controller IC Schmhffl trigger hysteresis
mpul butters tor disk drive signals Software wnie protect control interrupt Data
Hequesi enable control 12 option lumper areas to select juii the right combination ol
hardware teaiures to match your drives and software Provides many separate option
setecltone to* 5*nch and 6 inch anve operation Gold bus and drive cable connectors
tear corvrwcior for eaar setup and field service Singhe b vol I power supply 4 or 16
addresses per slot decoding ideal replacement for cutting com rollers lo add double
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more for Tees with the El.EKTRA Super Floppy Controller
ELEKTRA SFC Super Floppy Controller lessemOfed and tested}
Otak witn dn era and form lling utilities
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THE BEST WINCHESTER DISK SYSTEM THAT YOU
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Has automatic error detection and CORRECTION ol up to 11 bit burst errors
SS-50 bus. extended addressing cepeb lilies OMA. on board actor buffer, operates
with 6600 and 6606 type proaasaoss. drrters ««c»uded lor FLEJt 9o» OS-9 Drivers re*
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ntroOer. drivels}, and cables
Si 995 00
$?995 00
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ELEKfRA heavy duty regulator bd i powers 1 floppy and 1 Wmchester) (75 00
ELEKTRA SHD-S cabinet, ps. os cables (powers 1 I loppy and i vVinchesleri $175 00
7 b Megabyte ELEKTRA single drrve Winchester system
15 Megabyte ELEKTRA dual drive Winchesler system
19 Megabyte ELEKTRA smgle drive Winchester syslem
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LEKTRA
AAA Chicago COmpulf C>HltK See our ma on the previous page to your left lor oroennrj instructions
Technical Consultation available 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. most weekdays.
Closed evenings and weekends.
'6fcV Micro Journal
Flex User Notes
Ronald W. Anderson
3540 Stur bridge Court
Ann Arbor, Hi 48105
Clarifications
A few months ago I did a review of Wlndrush PL9
compiler, and mad© a remark {jokingly, I thought) about
them using the algorithms I published In the November
1980 '68* filcro Journal, but not giving me credit for
them. Wlndrush wrote me and asked me to look ot that
Issue of *68' and tell them how they could have known that
the algorithms were mine* I did dig out that Issue and
look, and I found out what the problem was. The
algorithms were discussed In detail In my column In the
previous (October 1980) Issue, but there wasnH room for
the listings. Don Williams added a little note that they
would be published "next month". In the November Issue,
they were added to the end of my column, but there was
no reference to them whatever anywhere In the text of
that month's column, (not even a little Itere ore the
listings that wouldn't fit last month." note). I must
therefore agree with the folks ot Wlndrush that the
authorship of the scientific functions was not clear ot
all. They have added a credit to their listings, and we
ore all happy* If my remark caused anyone to think that
1 was Implying that Wlndrush had done anything wrong by
using those functions, I'm sorry.
Editor's Note; We here at 68 MICRO JOURNAL regret that
this occurred (our ommlsslon). WltORIfSH Is a company
that has dealt most fairly with our readers and we
appreciate their fair ano honest policies- We have
never received a complaint concerning their products or
customer satisfaction! Should any advertiser desire to
'quote' from 68 MICRO JOURNAL, a simple letter will
normally get favorable results. So If you desire to
reprint or use something from 68 MICRO JOURNAL, a simple
letter will normally get approval. We do want to know;
vet. we might also miss a •credit'. If so, we want to know
Thaf also-
Along that line, arry listings published In this column
ore understood to be public oomefn. 1 hadn't really
thought much about anyone using them for commercial
fur poses before, but that doesn't charge anything,
hey ore still for anyone to use who wants fo use them.
I do appreciate users Including a credit line for the
source.
While on the subject of Wlndrush, let me say that I
Uave had continuing correspondence wfth them regarding
PL9 • They have won my all time award for thorough
answers to my questions, criticism, and suggestions for
enhancements. Some folks have sent me software for
testing and review, and then all but Ignored any
correspondence about tUot software from me. The folks
ot Wlndrush ore definitely not In that category, in
response to my questions, they have fixed two "Dags and
made several clarifications to their manual, which was
pretfy good In the first place as software manuals go.
Since writing the review update, I have had a chance
to use PL9 In the latest version, rather extensively.
I've translated some non-trlvlal programs from Pascal,
which Is a rather easy exercise, and found PL9 to be
more code efficient than the best Pascal compiler that I
have. Some of this Is due to being able to edit some of
the library functions and only Include what Is needed for
a given program. What Is more Impressive Is the single
step and very rapid compile operation* When I am done
with a PL9 program, 1 have the library files, of course,
but onhf two files that ore specific for a given program,
the original source file and The binary file. Compilation
was VErtr fast, and If the compiler catches errors, It Is
easily put In the co-resident editor mode so a
correction may be made quickly and the file re compiled
without aborting the compiler — loading the editor —
editing the file — exiting the editor — and re-loadlng
the compiler.
Contribution Records
UDRI sent me their DBM for the Color Computer, and
their Contributions Package (the totter ot my request).
Last year, I kept the records for my church's
contributions, and prepared statements for tox
purposes for all contributors. At the time, 1 wrote my
own software in BASIC, and though it worked, there were
several Inconveniences in It that 1 would change if I used
it again. Since 1 now have the UDRI package, I am going
to use It this year, and I've promised UDRI a review after
I've used It for a while so that 1 on familiar with It from
first hand experience in actual use. I will bo sending
comments, suggestions, and reports on any bugs I find to
UDRI, and wllfrevlew the package In a few months, after I
get well Into using It.
One thing I like about It already, Is that It uses
Random files. Mine had used Sequential files, which
presented a few problems, as In the case of the same
contributor making multiple contributions on a given
Sunday. Once a record was updated for a Sunday, If was
written to the new sequential file, and It was not
possible to update It again in a straightforward manner.
Spectral FLEX
If you are a regular reader of '66', you have most likely
read Bob Nay's column and seen the short reviews of
Steve Odneal's FLEX sold by Data Comp, and Frank Hogg's
Implementation of FLEX. The third supplier of FLEX for
the CC, Is Spectral Associates of Tacoma WA. They have
a few wrinkles on FLEX that 1 should mention here.
Spectral's version of FLEX may be run on a RS converted
32K color computer without opening the computer and
voiding the warrantee (only If all the memory happens to
consist good 64K cfilps) by means of a little adaptor
board they call a supercharger. This board plugs Into
the Interface slot and It contains a connector into
which the disk Interface Is plugged. That Is, this board
is put between the Interface and its connector in the
CC. The supercharger brings about the access to the
additional memory. Spectral supplies a test program
called RAKTEST that will teM you If all the memory fs good,
and if \t is, you have 32K of free memory.
Rapid developments In the CC have caused considerable
complications^ as evidenced from the following quote from
the Spectral Manual.
"Version 1.26 of FLEX+ contains a version of FLEX+
which will function without a supercharger. This file Is
called FLEX .NOS and it must replace the current
FLEX. SYS In order to become the resident operating
system upon Dower up. To do this, you must first DELETE
FLCX.SYS and finally LINK FLEX,6/s. (I think they mean
FLEX. NOS here) You will then have a version of FLEX*
which does not require a supercharger* It will work on
all TOP System 100 computers and TANDY revision F or NC
Color Computers. CAUTION- this version of FLEX+ will not
support Printer spooling."
"Version 2-0 of FLEX* Is a stock version which does
not require a supercharger to function, it Is limited
as described above and contains a file called FLEX. SUP
which may be converted Into a supercharger dependent
operating system (capable of print spooling) as
described above."
Sounds a bit complicated. One point that may have you
wondering- is the mention of printer spooling. Standard
FLEX as ft was supplied for fhe 6809 systems on the SS-
50 bus, had a printer spooling feature. You would run
the output of the text processor or the assembler to a
disk file with the extension ♦OUT, and then you would
Invoke the PRINT command and tell the computer to print
that file. The system would start the printer ancfgTve
you the +++ FLEX prompt so you could continue using >he
computer with the printer running in the background".
You had to have a timer board installed in the computer
to suppJy Interrupt signals so that the printer could
run as a background task.
Apparently, Spectral has figured out how to put the CC
Into this mode, and It works rather well. Just like the
original SS-50 version. Printer spooling is a
convenience If you want to continue to use the computer
for something else while printing a Jong listing.
However It does not operate without a penalty. While a
disk is being accessed to get another sector's worth of
Information, the terminal essentially goes dead. If you
ore a touch typist and ore typing along dumping text
Into the computer as I am doing now, you wlllprobabfy
find that the computer has Ignored a couple of
characters every time the disk was accessed, if you ore
Just editing a source file for a program and have your
eye on the screen, you won't have much problem when
running in this mode, but fast lyplsts should be advised
that there ore some drawbacks. At any rote, Spectral
FLEX Is the only version offering printer spooling.
What's the Difference?
Perhaps It Is about time here to compare the three
10
66' Micro Journal
versions of FLEX that are available for the CC. First It
should be said that they are about 95% Identical. That
Is, they all work. They all have the standard FLEX
utilities supplied by TSC. However, each has some
feature or other that sets It apart from the others-
Spectral, as mentioned above, has the printer spooling
feature, and the possibility of use without modifying
your older CC*
Data Comp has a couple of features not found In the
other two. They have a utllHy called DISKEX that lets
you examine the data in a disk sector, and even change
Pt If you so choose. D-C. has a set of three utilities
that allow you to move files back and forth between RS
formatted disks and FLEX formatted disks. RSREAD will
read a RS binary file to a FLEX disk (assuming you have
two drives)- RSCVBIN will convert that file to a standard
FLEX binary file. It may be run In FLEX, modified,
disassembled, etc. A FLEX binary flte may be written to
a RS disk with the RSWRITE utility. I would say that D.C
FLEX has the advantage for more experienced
programmers who want to poke arouno In the RS
operating system and perhaps write software to run on
the CC In the RS operating system.
The FLEX from Frank Hogg Laboratory has some very
nice software configuration capability. You can set up
the system parameters most flexibly of the three systems
using FHL's SETUP utility- For example^ y u can set up
the printer output routine so that it supplies the
linefeed after the carriage returns, which are required
by a printer set up In the non-auto linefeed mode
(standard In FLEX) or you can set up the printer routine
to suppress linefeeds (standard RS system mode). If you
want to run a printer ALWAYS on your CC, you would
probably set It to the Auto Linefeed mode so It would
work with the RS operating system, and configure the
?rlnt routine In FLEX to fne "R" mode (Radio Shack),
ou could then move back and forth between the systems
without having to reconfigure the printer, which In the
case of the EPSON Involves removing four screws and
opening the case to get at the DIP switch to change the
LF mode.
FHL FLEX also allows configuration of the disk drives
with regard to number of tracks, sides, and stepping
rate and configuring the terminal with regard to several
different high resolution formats, all of which Include
choice of "white on black" or "black on white"
characters.
Incidentally, all three systems support a 51 character
by 24 line screen format with black letters on a light
background (normally beige). Due to limitations of color
CRT's, all work best In That mode with the color turned
down so that the display Is essentially black and white*
All three also supply an editor for use with FLEX. FHL's
offering Includes a more capable editor than the
standard TSC one that comes with the other two
systems- All three supply an assembler.
So, there you have It- One or the other of these
systems might lust have that one feature that you really
"need"- They &ri work very we II-
Epson Converter
A few months ag I mentioned the possibility of a very
low cost serial to parallel converter to run an Epson on
the CC. Clay Abrams sent me a design, the schematic for
which is reproduced here- I've biillT a couple In what I
might call a "poor man f s version". The Motorola 14411 Is
rather expensive, as Is the crystal- I have substituted
a 555 timer (35 cents)- The 555 Is a very stable timer
IC. It Is only as stable, however, as the parts used In
the timing circuit- Build this using a ceramic capacitor
and a carbon composition resistor, and I guarantee that
you will always be "tweaking 1 * the frequency- You must use
a "film" capacitor at least a mylar type such as the
Cornell DubMer type WMF, and preferable one of the Mylar
Polystyrene low temperature coefficient types* Then you
must use a wlrewound or metal (tin oxide) film resls+or
and a wlrewound trim potentiometer- The values sh wn
are for a 16X clock for 600 baud (9600 M2>. The CC
outputs to Its printer port at 600 baud unless you POKE
the counter location wltn other values-
We built one of these, set Its period with an
oscilloscope, connected It. and It ran- The AY5-1013 Is
available from most Radio Snack stores In a 5 volt single
supply version for around $5-00- The most expensive
art is the connector for the EPS N at around *7- The
_pson manual Indicates that pin 35 is "pulled up 11 to *5
volts- It was an easy matter to modify the Epson board
to connect the 5 voft supply directly to that pin and
power the Interface from the Epson with no problems
I
encountered- The 5 volt only version of the AY5-1013
from RS, of course eliminates the requirement for -12
volts- Should you want to run the Interface at a higher
baud rate, use a correspondingly smaller timing
capacitor. For example, for 1200 baud, use a .005 Mfd
capacitor, etc.
Should you be a "disbeliever" In RC timing circuits, go
ahead and use the crystal and the 144U.
M re on Disk Drives
A few months ag I made some comments on the use of a
couple of 80 track double sided drives with the CC, as
though there were no problems whatever with slmpty
-urcnaslng two such drives and using them. There Is a
LIGHT problem with that. All of the software for the CC
is supplied on 40 track (35 track for RS disks) format.
I was speaking as a person with several 6809 FLEX
computers around- I nave available two 40 track double
sided drives, two 35 track single sided drives, and a
couple of 8" double sided ones, and I can therefore
usually copy a disk In any format to any other- Worst
case. I can juggle drives, and put one of the 35 or 40
track ones on "rite CC to boot up FLEX. It Is an easy
matter from that point, to copy FLEX to a new system
disk on the 80 track drive-
The RS system always uses 35 tracks, slnqle sided, and
double density- Since the system doesn't know thar the
drive Is double sided and &0 track. It will format the
first 35 tracks on the first side, of the disk In the 80
track double sided drive- Not very efficient, but
completely RS compatible. Again, the trick Is to be able
to read the dl sk supplied by the software supplier.
(Games can be bought on cassette, and many may be loaded
from cassette and saved to disk). WARNING* Not all of
the games on the market may be copied from cassette to
disk by this means- Some may. If you know or can figure
out the load and transfer addresses. I was pleasantly
surprised to find out that Spectral Associates games
come on a cassette with complete Instructions for
copying them to a disk file!
All three of the FLEX suppliers hove missed the boat
on one small point- None allow you to set the disk drives
to the double stepping mode, In which It would be
possible to read a 40 track disk. I can conceive of a
hardware solution to the problem a doubler that would
generate two step pulses to the disk drive for each one
received from the disk controller- Such a circuit would
make It possible to read any 40 track disk on an 80
track drive, and even boot FLEX from the supplied dlskl
c.w. I
I
68' Micro Journal
11
+*V .v
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Indicates a Subroutine Entry Location.)
the '
COLOR User Notes
Robert L. Nay
9900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson, Tn. 37343
Part 2; (BOSS REFEREWE for tfce Coior Computer
CXTDCGD BASIC ROM
Last month we printed a Cross Reference Listing for
the Level 1, Ver. 1.1 BASIC ROM; this we are providing the
same thing for the EXTENDED BASIC ROM. Again, It ts
fairly complete- Notable exceptions are that there are
several locations within the EXTENDED BASIC ROM where an
Indexed JSR off of the U, Y, or S register Is made <at
S9465. S94E2. S94F£ f S99EC, S9A05. and S94EF to mention
some of them). Also, S9A12 JSR's Indirect from S00D9.
There are a fe* locations where the Disassembler
Interprets a Oc^pare #$$$$ as a Label; there are several
In last months listing, also.
Note especially the "Labels" In the SAOO O thru SBFFF
area; these, are the locations where EXTOGED BASIC Is
using Routines within the BASICs ROM. Though they are
not DOCUMENTED" locations for "External Access" by
Radio Shack or Microsoft, they will have to remain firm or
BOTH ROM's would have to be replaced during updates,
etc. The TDP-100 uses the seme ROM set, so Programs
written using these locations would work on either
machine. The other "similar" Computers (Dragon, etc.),
00 use different ROM's; how about some of you readers In
England, etc., letting us know how different!
Finally, there are NUMEROUS JSR's and Internal M»s
within BOTH the Extended and Regular BASIC ROMs. This
means that ttiey ore NOT Relocatable without doing a lot
of "Patching"; why they are written with a mature of
JSRs and BSRs, I have NO Idea. I don't see that much
difference In the amount of code required* OuaraH, the
ROMs are extremely well written; I feel there was some
reason that has escaped me. Again, some of you *>nore
astute than I" (which does NOT require much astuteness)
folks, how about a Mnt.
If there Is enough request for it, we may publish the
same thing for the Disk BASIC ROM; let's hear fro* you.
The "project" now Is Documenting the Subroutine
Entries. A lot of you have a lot of these Chips figured
out; send me the "Documentation" and I will pass It on.
What we need Is the Register Status upon Entry, what Is
accomplished, what Is the Register Status upon exit, and
which Registers are destroyed and which must be saved.
This Information will make It MUCH EASIER to write
Assembly Language Programs for the Color Computer,
because you can use the fundamental Routines that are
already In the ROMs for much of your code.
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'68' Micro Journal
15
n/\ir
C" User Notes
Norm Cc
3 Pryor Road
Natlck, MA 01760
This month I would like to go over some string
functions that many of you might not have in your
libraries. People who do major software projects
inevitably find themselves manipulating stings In some
form or another. A rich library of string manipulators
Is certainly an asset In those times.
Most good C libraries will have a few of the basic
string operators. These usually Include
strlen(s) return the length of s
strcpy(t f f> copy f Into t
strcaKtJ) aefd f to the tall of t
strcmp(sl,s2* compare s? against s2
it has generally evolved that the string which Is acted
upon Is passed as the first argument. Think of them as
*to" and "from* 1 or "destination" and "source".
There ore several others that are also very handy.
*ost libraries Include some but not all of them. A few \
hove not found In the libraries that came with any of the
6809 C compilers f've tested to date. These functions
include
strclr(s,n)
streq(s1.s2)
strncpy(r,f,n>
strncmp(s1,s2,n
strneq(s1 ( s2,n)
reverse(s)
strins(t,f,n)
strdel(s,n,o)
strsub(s1,s2)
clear n bytes of s
test If si and s2 ore equal
copy n bytes from f to t
> compare n bytes of si and s2
test n bytes of si and s2
reverse the characters In s
insert f into t at n
delete n bytes fro>n s at o
find the position of si In s2
strcIrO Is straight forward and Is nice to have In
your library* While most string handlers will leave a
string terminated, you may occasionally need to Insure It
with this function.
/♦
* dear cnt characters of s, return
* a pointer to s
*/
strclr(s,cnt)
char ts;
int cnt;
i
char tpnt;
pnt ' s;
ihiletcrt--)
•pnt** = '\r;
return(s);
}
Almost as simple is streqO. All it does Is invert the
logical meaning of the value returned by strcmpO. Since
strcmpO returns the difference between the nonmatchlng
characters, a zero value Implies that the strings were
equal. This Is sort of counter to how C usually
Interprets zero (as FALSE) so streqO turns It around
to make the program a little more readable.
/♦
§ test si and s2 for equality
•/
streq(sl,s2)
char tst, *s2;
(
if (strcipUl,s2J)
return (FALSE);
return (TRUE);
)
strncpyO allows you to limit the number of characters
actually copied Into si. it might be used to Insure a
uniform string size.
no lore than n characters
16
* COpy no ■
* of t to f
♦/
strncpyftoJroijCnM
char tta, Mroi;
int cnt;
{
char tpnt;
pnt ~ to?
*hile((«pnt+* = ffroi**) H —cnt)
•pnt'* '\r:
return(to);
)
The lone semicolon after the while statement is no
mistake. All the work Is done In the conditional test.
Copying the NULL into sJ at the end Is an escape hatch
for the case where the loop is exited with n == 0.
This example brings out something subtle- At first
glance, the following two fragments may appear to have
synonymous function.
while (*s1++ * *s24+)
while (*s2)
•sH* = *s2++;
They are not the same. The first example would copy all
of s2 Into si Including the terminal NULL character.
This happens because the character Is copied, and the
pointers updated before the comparison Is made. In the
second case, by testing for the end of s2 first, the
terminal NULL Is not copied,
strncmpO Is similar In that It lets you put a limit on
how many characters ore actually compared.
/*
* cospare no tore than n characters
* between si and s2
*/
strncip(sl,s2,cnt)
char tsl,fs2;
int cnt;
C
while (Itsl « ts2) U -cnt)
{
si**;
s2**;
>
return Us2-tsl);
)
strneqC st,s2.n) Is similar to streqO except that
strncmpO is called, and n Is passed along also,
h
* test no lore than cnt characters of
* si and s2 for equality
»/
strneq(sl,s2jcnt)
char tsl, ts2;
int cnt;
{
if (strncip(sKs2,cnt))
return(FflL&E);
return (TRUE);
)
Why reverseO never ended up being called strrevO Is
beyond me. 1 guess the best of conventions break down
at times. At any rate, reverseO takes a string and
reverses the order of all the characters with the
exception of MULL which remains at the end.
/*
* reverse the character sequence
* in s, return pointer to s
t/
reverse(s)
char ts;
{
char *hd, *tl, teip;
hd = s;
tl = nd ♦ strlen(hd) - 1;
while Ihd < tU
{
teip s *hd;
•hd** s fti;
•tl- * teip;
return(s);
) '66' Micro Journal
The next functions I have not realty seen In may C
libraries- I got the bug to code them after reading an
article In one of the ACM (Association of CompuTlng
Machinery) Journals* The article said that they were
useful Pascal functions and procedures- Well If they're
useful, then they're useful In any languege and that
Includes C.
strlnsO Inserts one string Into another at a given
offset- The first character In the string Is assumed to
have an offset of zero.
/*
# insert froi into to at offset, the
# first position is zero.
♦/
strins(to T froi, offset)
char ftto, ftfroa;
int offset;
(
int i, j, lent, Ur»2i
/# split up the destination #/
lenl = strlen(to);
len2 = strlen(froi);
i s lenl;
j - lenl ♦ len2;
Nhile (i >= offset)
toCj— 1 = toCi— ];
/# splice in the source ♦/
i *l|
j * offset;
*hile (i ( len2)
toEj++] = froin+*J;
returndol;
)
strdeK) deletes a portion of a string* Note that the
first character Is assumes to have an offset of zero-
/♦
# delete cnt characters froi s starting
# at the offset
#/
strdel(s,cnt,offset)
char *s?
int cnt, offset;
{
int len;
pntl++;
pnt2**S
if (#pnt2 == '\f')
return(cnt);
cnt**;
)
return(-l)S
)
These functions have all been tested and work. For
the most part they should be pretty bullet proof. I
tried to anticipate and handle the common error modes,
but you might want to think through them yourselves Just
to be sure. There Is also the option of changing the
number parameters from being "zero based" to begin "one
based* 1 . It's your choice.
I originally wrote and tested most of these functions
using for loops Instead of while's. I then tried to
compile them with the Word's Worth compiler. In most of
them, I had two variables being Initialized and
Incremented. It was strictly a no-go situation. I had
either uncovered a bug or the fact that the compile
doesn't Implement the complete for loop syntax* I have
nof talked with them about ft so I won't speculate.
Just to make sure that It wasn't some stupid little
thing that I had over looked, I coded up a quick little
test case as follows
iiinO
(
int 1, ji
M case II §/
for (i = I; i < 11; i*0
j ♦■ u;
/« case 12 #/
for (i * j * I; i < If; i« f j«)
j ♦« If!
/# case 13 #/
for (i - #, j = l; i < ll; i«* f j**)
j ♦= lir
len = strlen(s);
if (offset ♦ cnt >= len)
return (s);
strcpyUs ♦ offset), (s ♦ offset ♦ cnt));
return (s);
}
strsubO returns the position of the first occurrence
of one string within another string. If the string was
not found* It returns an error code of -1 ■
/#
# return the position of the first occurance
* of s2 in si, or -1 if s2 is not found.
♦/
strsubfsl, s2)
char #sl f #s2;
{
int cnt, lent, len2?
char ftpntl, #pnt2;
lenl = strlen(sl);
len? * strlen(s2);
if (lenl < len2)
return l-i);
cnt - l;
lenl ■« i«i2;
nhile (lenl-)
{
pntl * sltt;
pnt2 = s2j
nhile (ftpntl ** #pnt2)
'66' Micro journal
Cese II compiled with flying colors.
slther a semicolon or bracket (I
Case #2 failed.
The compiler expected el
have forgotten) In place of the comma following 1++. Case
*3 failed because the compiler expected a semicolon In
place of the comma following 1=0* It also failed again
after the H+.
I just wanted to let you know In case some of you were
encountering these errors and thought that It might be
some problem on your part. It sure had me fooled; to the
point that I even got out the master copy of.verslon
2.02 as a check.
WHAT'S NEW
Simply put, very little. I haven't yet received the
Mlcroware compiler; but I expect It shortly as I
understand that they are now <mld-March) testing It In-
house. I wes so busy this month getting 0S9 level 1.2 up
on m system that I haven't had a chance to really try out
the Intro! floetlng point package yet.
By the end of summer I hope to have another system up
and running* This one will even be quasi-commercial, ft
will be built up on the SS50 bus and have 8 Inch drives.
I am toying with the Idea of getting and auto-answer
modem and another phone line. That would open up the
possibility of letting you dial up and down loed source
code that appears In the column or depositing comments
and opinions.
Next month's column Is still quite embryonic. That's a
euphemism for the fact that I haven't got a clue for
what's next. TIM then...
17
'C
FLOATING POINT
By Allan R. Batteiger
and Howard L. Harkness
Floating point math was one of the
features originally omitted from the Word's
Worth Middle-C(tm) distribution package.
This was primarily due to the structure of
the original 8080 compiler written by Ron
Cain, which would require an almost complete
re-write to add a floating point type and the
associated intrinsic functions. However, it
is still possible to get the use of floating
point even though it is not actually part of
the compiler.
This article is the first of a series
describing a floating point library written
especially for Middle-C. The concept of the
external floating point library was borrowed
from the BDS C compiler, which is one of the
most widely distributed C compilers for the
8080/ Z80 crowd (mob). The code is adapted
from a similar package originally written for
the 6800, modified to run on the 6809 %
interface with Middle-C, and emulate the
AMD9511.
The 9511 format was chosen because it is
available on several 6809 systems (and
because Allan has one in his system to test
the package against!). Users who are
thinking of upgrading their systems to use a
9511 (if it ever gets cheap enough) can get
some experience with it ahead of time. Then,
when the happy event eventually does happen,
very little, if any, code will need to be
changed in the applications packages to make
them work with the 9511. Although the
package was designed for Middle-C, it will
probably run with any currently available
6809 C compiler with only minor hassles.
This packagage Includes the four basic
functions, along with utilities to normalize,
complement, convert, input, and output
floating point numbers. Since the package is
not 100) complete as of this writing, we may
add other functions that we think of along
the way (suggestions welcome).
FLOATING POINT OVERVIEW
Floating point requires two parts. The
first is called the mantissa, which is the
'significant digits' of the number. The
second is the exponent. This does not
represent a power of the mantissa, but refers
to the power of two by which the mantissa
will be multiplied to calculate the actual
value of the number- This corresponds to the
number of bits that the mantissa had to be
shifted before it was 'normalized* , or
left-Justified in the floating point
representation. To do floating point math
where there is no type 'float', we must use
an array of some other available type large
enough to hold the representation we have
chosen. For single precision in the 9511,
this requires 32 bits, or 4 bytes, which can
be either four characters (char float[4];) or
two integers (int float[2];).
The mantissa is expressed as a 24 bit
fractional value. The exponent is an
unbiased 2 Y s complement 7-bit value with a
range of -64 to +63- ' Unbiased 1 means that
there is no constant added or subtracted to
the exponent before the value is determined
(biased exponents are fairly common in
floating point hardware) . The most
significant bit represents the sign of the
mantissa. Bit 23 must be 1 except when the
value of the floating point number is zero,
in which case all bits in the number are
zero, the total dynamic range possible with
this format is ♦/- 2-7 X 10 ## -20 to ♦/- 9.2 X
10** 18. This should be suitable for the vast
majority of floating point applications.
The core of the 9511 emulator is written
is 6809 assembly, with the rest in C. In our
next installment, we will present the source
code for the core portions (and as much more
as will fit into a reasonably-sized article),
and a more detailed explanation of the theory
of operation. By the time you finish this
series, you should be able to glibly rattle
off the buzzwords associated with floating
point math, and may even be able to
(patiently) explain the whole thing to your
uninitiated friends.
M«(**\
AMD qsri I
FORMAT
S1C1M
■ f 1 » »
EXPONENT
*i
MANTISSA
. • *
* £XCEPT }rO* FLOATIM* POINT ZZkO
^B
68' Micro Journal
HOW TO GET THIS PACKAGE
Current registered owners of Middle-C
will be recieving the floating point package
with their free 2.1 update. Note to
customers: If you haven f t already done so,
please send your Middle-C 2.0 9 2.01, or 2.02
disks back for the update now. For your
convenience, you may send a copy of the
invoice and $6.00 ($7.50 overseas) in lieu of
the original disk.
If you are not a current Middle-C owner,
you may purchase Middle-C 2.02 for $99 now,
or 2.1 for $110 when it is announced. If you
have another compiler already, and only want
the floating point package, send $17.50 to
Word's Worth, P0 Box 28954, Dallas, Texas
75228. However, the published source will
probably be short enough that typing it in
will not be terribly onerous.
OS9 USER NOTES
By: Peter Dibble
517 Goler House
Rochester, NY 14620
I Just Installed OS-9 Level Two Version T,J.
Finally It's not "preliminary" any more. Since OS-9
never was very unreliable It Is hard to tell whether
It Is more reliable, but It is very easy to
appreciate the new utilities. I spent months
writing a PW0 program. It prints the name of the
current data or execution directory. I hoped
someday maybe I could sell that program. Well,
Mlcroware beat me to It. The new versions of OS-9
Include PWD and PXD, Print Working Directory and
Print execution Directory. They also added a 0EL0IR
command which deletes a directory with all the files
In It, a command called I DENT which displays
Information about modules In files, a file
comparison utility called CMP, and two commands
called BINEX and EXBIN which convert a file to and
from Motorola standard S-Record format. DCHECK, the
program which checks disk structure, now seems to
work correctly, and DSAVE, the command which
constructs a procedure file to copy groups of files,
has been substantially enhanced, but Level Two users
will have to continue to live with nunierlc error
messages. A command called PRINTERR, which Is
supposed to instruct the operating system to use
text error messages, wasn't on my distribution disk.
An Important new feature In OS-9 Is support for
X0N/X0FF. The ASCII character set Includes 32
special codes such as backspace ($08) and escape
($1B> which don't generally represent printable
characters, but still have defined meanings. X0N
and X0FF are among the more useful of these special
codes. If, for Instance, you have a terminal which
usually runs at 19. 2KB, but can only accept Input at
about 200 characters per second when It Is In Insert
mode, It would be nice to be able to constantly
adjust the speed at which the computer Is
transmitting to match the speed at which the
terminal can receive. In general you can't do that,
but often It Is sufficient to be able to tell the
W Micro Journal
computer to "hold it," and "go ahead." If the
computer can deaf with X0M/X0FF protocol, It will
"hold It" whenever It receives an X0FF r and "go
ahead" whenever It receives an X0N. There are quite
a few terminals and printers around which run much
better when they are attached to a computer which
supports X0N/X0FF. It Is Interesting to note that
X0FF (often called 0C3) Is entered as <CTRL>S, and
X0N (DC1) Is <CTRL>0. In order to use this protocol
you've got to find some character other than <CTRL>0
to use as the "quit 11 character. 1 wonder whether
Frank Hogg Is going to be able to adjust DynaStar so
It can live without <CTRL>Q and <CTRL>S.
One of the first things I do with a new version
of OS-9 Is put together a new bootstrap. There Is
nothing really wrong with the bootstrap that comes
with the system, but 1 have my own Device
Descriptors and Drivers, and even If I didn't need
to, I probably would want to re-generate the
bootstrap just on the principle of the thing. The
modules In the bootstrap are automatical ly loaded
when the system Is booted, packed efficiently Into
memory, and made permanent. It sounds as though, If
you have enough memory, It would be a good Idea to
Include In the bootstrap file all the modules you
would like permanently In memory. Don't do Itl
Modules In the boot file are not only permanently In
storage, they are also permanently attached to the
other programs In the boot. Say you put a P-Code
Interpreter In the bootstrap - when you link to that
module In order to use It, you drag everything else
In the bootstrap along with It. If you have a 48K
bootstrap you would only be able to run programs
which use up to about T2K total. Modules you expect
to Mnk to should not be Included In the bootstrap.
If you Include a utility command such as COPY, you
may find that you can only use a relatively small
amount of memory with COPY. The best way to handle
commonly used commands Is to merge Just less than
some small multiple of 4K of them Into a utilities
file and load It using a LOAD command In the startup
file. Since my system allocates memory In blocks of
4K, small programs like COPY and PVID only waste
memory If they are loaded by themselves. By
collecting groups of programs together you use
memory more efficiently, essentially keeping two or
more programs In the space normally allocated to
one. If your version of OS-9 allocates memory In
different sized hunks, the size of the group of
programs should be changed to reflect the new
constraints. Users of Level One systems don't have
to worry about any of this stuff.
The first time I generated a new bootstrap was
a little bit Intimidating. It Is Important to
realize that, provided you are marginally careful
(don't spill chocolate milk on an Important disk,
etc.), the worst you can do Is waste your time. If
you don't have a lot of memory the chance to*remove
unused device descriptors from the bootstrap may be
worth the trouble Involved In running 0S9GEN. If
you want to change any modules which are In the
bootstrap {addresses In Device Descriptors for
Instance), the cleanest way to do It Is to modify
them them with DEBUG, save the modified modules, fix
their CRC with VERIFY, and build a new bootstrap
with the modified modules. A module must be saved
on disk In order to be Included In the bootstrap.
You should use the SAVE command to create files
containing each module you might want In the new
bootstrap. 8u I I d a file with the names of those
files you want to combine Into the new bootstrap,
and use that list of files as Input to 0S9GEN.
Finally use DC0PY to copy all the other files on
your system disk over to the new one.
I have many files on my system disk that are
not part of the OS-9 operating system. An Important
part of Installing a new version of OS-9 which Is
not mentioned In the manuals Is copying all the
19
noi-OS-9 files you need onto your new system disk.
I have discovered an easy way to do this* I Imagine
most of you OS-9 users already know this trick, but
I wish someone had told me about It a year ago- By
running DSAVE on your old system disk you can create
a file containing a copy command for each of the
files on your old system disk- If you add a B -x" as
one of the first few lines In that file It won't
quit If one of the commands falls- The copy
commands for files that are already on the new disk
will fall, but the procedure will proceed to the
next command Instead of quitting. The result Is a
disk with all the files you want on it.
Most of the programming I do Is on machines
with far more than 64K available to each program.
It Is easy to get used to having effectively
unlimited memory. The 6ft09 can only use 64K, but
with the help of OS-9 Level Two (not Level One) It
Is oosslble to use more memory than most people can
afford. Over the next few months I expect to spend
some time discussing various ways of doing this.
One of the baste facilities In OS-9 (and most
other sophisticated operating systems) Is called
FORK. The effect of FORK Is to set a program up and
start It running without interfering with the
program wnlcf* FORKed It. Each FORKed program is
called a Process or a Task. A process can run for
all practical purposes at the same time as the
program that FORKed It. Part of setting a process
up Is finding enough rn^nory for It to run. In OS-9
Level Two each process runs In Its own "address
space".*, that Is, no user process shares any memory
with any other process except by special
arrangement. If you have enough memory, each process
can occupy al I of Its 64K address space except a
shred reserved for OS-9.
I have been spending a lot of Mme writing a
program which I call a "smart terminal" program. It
started out as a program to allow me to communicate
with a variety of computers without having to unhook
my terminal from my computer, and fuss with
half/full duplex. It just keeps growing. One thing
I decided to do was Include a way of printing a
screen full of data. You can't just stop everything
and print the screen; It would take so long to print
that the Input buffer from the modem would overflow,
and at best data would be lost. A solution Is to
use a FORKed process to print the screen. Once I
realized that I could start a process to print the
screen, I carried It a step farther and fixed things
so I can ask to have lots of screens printed, start
a process for each screen, and let them queue up for
a chance at the printer while the process doing the
smart terminal bit runs cheerfully along. At about
8K per process (4K for the module and 4K for
variable storage) the minimum allocation on my Level
Two system, I can queue up about 20 screens In the
200K I usually have available. Using the more
efficient allocation of storage available under
Level One I could probably have queued up about 10
screens in a 56K system. 1 admit this Is a trivial
example of the use of extended storage, but the
point Is that this Is a simple example of the kind
of thing you can do with extended storage. It is
easiest to use multiple processes to get at lots of
storage when you can spin off a task that can run In
Isolation. Communicating between processes Is
another problem, suitable for investigation In at
least one future column.
ttend the 2nd ANNUAL OS-9 USER'S SEMINAR
AUG. 12, 13, 14, 15
PRE-REGISTRATION ONLY
Sharpen your knowledge and skills of
OS-9 and high level languages at the
2nd Annual OS-9 User's Seminar. More
participants, more speakers, more
hardware and software exhibits. Here's
your chance to learn from the experts.
Fee: $100
Location:
Marriott Hotel Des Moines. Iowa
Pre-Register Now!
Call 515-279-8844 or write:
MICROWAR6
Micro ware Systems Corporation
[>0. Box 48o5
Des Moines, Iowa 50304
"68* Micro Journal
MICRO WARE
USER SEMINAR
lacond Annual nicrovara Caar S*3l&ar
Awouat 12-1S. 1»|>
Tbia !■ a* o*ant you won't wAnt to alaa if you ui«, tall or ara
iatarantod in tyatob* that yn RUt^ici 110* aoftwara. t»tt yaar'O
Alczovaro caar aoonnor wai Alt Outatandina, iticcaaa. arvd tha ;f!3
odltlon proanaaa to ba ovoa blfoar aoo dtittr. Tba 4-day want will
too bald Auguot 12 t£ rough Aufuat IS at tha Doa Aoir.aa Harriott
total.
Thara trill bo tnforootlaa roundtabla taehnieal aaaaiora
CO* or 104 alooat ovary aapoct of t*a 6aai9,a bod ota ol Niccowara
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atazt ooobaca oho daalonod aach proof**, Many artofldtvt of latt
yaar'a ininir rao*rktd that tbo opportunity to otat aod trad* ntxat
oich otbar <09t waar aod« tha aaaizvoz a vory lapctiant aiponanca
for tooa.
Too will alao oat a pttvio* of rtlcrowara'a aacitinc, now fOOOt
aoftwara product* plua d»A0natrationa oi nav (909 toft* ara.
A blgo*r a50 bottar Sihlbit Arao "til hava display booth* froo
many liadlnfl. oupplioia of Ol-t ca*p*tibJ* fcorOvatt ar.fi ooftvaro.
Tfcalf fapraaantttivaa will ha avallaota to anr"*r your q.vationa.
Ttiii will bo a oolcan opportunity to aaa and cor para what's now in
conputos ayataoa, dlat and atoraoa davicas* and application aoftwara
for 0S<-».
A btjffat olnoar la plannad for Friday. Aoouat iZtb. and a
brunch «111 ba hold tha aomino. of Auguat 14th. OVaat apoanaxa will
ba xaaturod it bo*A avanta. Fart of tha avaning of AuO/titt 13tS> baa
baan aat aoido for a floating of tha Of-l Uaar Groci.
bon't oil* thlft CMnca to incraaia your incyltdoa and lUl) n
tha lataat in oiccccoaptiar aoftwara tacbnology - ra?v»ttr for tha
n;crov«r« Uaar faolnar today |
CtWOWL IPTTDWWTICH AAOC? THE
iVCUWD AAATAt MCKMAMK JIC» IP^&AJt
dciiDOtoK or lormi
ntlOAT. AJCDtT 12
■ooiatxationi toon to S»«0 PP
Ksblbit lAll opom at toon
Cocktail Aocaptibm ItJO W
Mffat Planar; ?iJ0 W
•ATCIDAy* AVQDtT 19
do* mora i »i00 am to liOO pm
Ctbitit loll Oponi tiOO AH ta }i00 PA
Oooi Croop Hoatiaajr 4*10 9m
AABatocturaia loopltolity tultaa loqlnt liOO M
ItCWAT, A0QC17 U
bfjncr: lliOO AK
ioainom l=flo Pfl to Si Do ph
titibit loll Opont ltOO HI to CtOO Ml
HO***?. AXCTtT IS
opan siaevation (optioool) feCo af to Mo«n
Mlcto«ar« OPon lout* liOO M to SiDS T*
baa Aoinaa Marriott total.
Talaphont S1J-J45-SJ0O
70C Crand Art., &aa noinaa. IA S03CI
■ECISTJUTIOIf APB ifOl JTAATIO* frK«t
Tou ajrjfT pra-raolatar I T*a ooat La HOC por par ton. which Includaat
P«c«ptl0n ond luffot Olfinoi On Ftifiav avanm^, tuition for oil
a«a»l«na. oad tht broneh on lunday. Flaaaa fill oot tha anclooad
zaa;atration «nd roturn it w*«n your choc* no rotor tftao July 13»
>*•>. forr/i no Pot 10 coapony porchaa* oroara cart ba acc*p«*d.
ACCOmUTIOttd
Mlcrowara boa arronood a apoclal looo) rata with tba Aarriott total
of althar U2 alngla or l?2 dooblo OOCvponCy por olfbt. TO obtoln
toio rata, plaaaa roturn tha oocloaod card diroctly to tha total aa
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talox too noaraat Aarriott Intamat lonal Ataarvatlon Cantara to a«k«
yoor raoarvationa. ba aura to apacify that your raaarvatioo to for
tna nictowata Ooor loolnar *n otfiar to obtain tha asocial rataa.
Marriott Int a r national aaaorvation Co&taia
r 101) ISf-1521 Talaa 2«<JI
DAT, 100111 31-10-*: Tolao <1<02»
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2b tha ooant it# total to fully booaod by tba tio« you ***■ your
raoorvation. mIctowot* cart aaaitt yoo with raaacvationa at otbor
noarby ho tola,
TSUVtLi
Doa torno" I* MffH by tba lollowlna alillnaor goitad. "»,
rtonctarr Piara. "O^ii. ava. vt nit oidwaat, o:th diroct flifbta
froa Cfclcooo, Donoor, At. booio. Hani City, Ao« Tor*, artd Uoa
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If TQtr we CCtaiiooa.
If «i can bo of aaaiatanca in any vgy plaaaa contact Jaanna Kaplan
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W Micro Journal
OS 9 MAXIMUM
EFFICIENC Y
or
Getting More Bang For Your Buck
Paul Burega
1 Pteasarif Bay
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Canada R2K 0C9
204-339-3309
0S9 Is an excellent operotlng system- It has properties
which rival large systams In ease of use and performance;
e.g. 1/0 redirection, which allows changing the Input or
output of a terminal to another terminal, printer, or
disk, and multiple tasking, enabling several programs to
run concurrently (Including several terminals with people
on each of thetn, giving time-sharing).
Like the big systems, 0S9 can be M tuned M to provide
maximum performance. This article describes several
ways of customizing 0S9 Level 1 and Level II to your
particular environment. By customizing, 1 am referring
to Including new device aescriptors for terminals,
modems, printers, and disk drives. For example, do you
know that your dlsfc drives probably can seek faster than
0S° is currently running them. Would you like to change
the attributes of the ACIA controlling your terminal or
printer, change the parity, stop bits, or divide ratio;
or even add another disk drive or terminal descriptor.
These and other items wMI be discussed and examples
given so that you may modify these. We will also look at
netting the maximum use of memory modules, one of the
best ideas Mlcrowere could have put Into 0S9.
0S9 was specifically designed for the sma ll sys tem- Small
systems generally have limited amounts of memory (56K for
Level I, 1024K for Level II). To cope with the small
amount of memory, Mlcroware designed 0S9 to make
maximum use of memory. 0S9 requires all executing
programs to reside in iremory during execution. It does
not perform "swapping" of memory to disk or "demand
paging" wheretyy the operating system mows parts of your
program between main memory and disk as needed* 0S9
will nowever dynamically allocate memory to programs which
are called (thru the shell, or thru BAS1C09 "run"
command). For example, when you say LIST FILE, 0S9
automatically loads the program named LIST Into memory
and starts to execute It. LIST will stay In memory until
it Is finished executing, and will then be deleted from
memory.
However, for commands which are frequently accessed,
many times the searching of the disk directory and
loading of the file take longer than running the program.
It would be much more efficient to toad the module Into
memory where It will be instantly available. This reduces
disk accesses and the time needed for a trivial command.
Consider the command which prints out the date and
time. It takes longer to load this program than ft does
to print the date and time.
It Is possible to "LOAD DATE" Into memory, and repeatedly
call it without the need for any disk access- This can
be Cane with many of the frequently used commands such
as DEL, RENAME, LIST, LINK, LOAD, DATE, MAKDIR, FREE,
MFREE, MDIR, DIR, etc.
There are two problems with this. As this list of
frequently used progr s grows, it takes longer to load
them In manually* One can put the LOADs In the STARTUP
file, so they will be executed upon booting. A word of
caution: the first file loaded must be the LOAD command.
If it is not, then for each LOAD command, the directory
must be searched for the LOAD ccemand, then searched
for the actual command to be loaded. Thus loading 10
files would require searching the CMOS directory 20
times!. If LOAD Is loaded first, the number of searches
Is then reduced to 10.
The second problem with this approach Is that there is a
minimum amount of memory which must be allocated to each
frogram. In 0S9 Leiel I. that amount Ts 256 bytes, while
n Level II, It Is 2K or 4K bytes- Clearly, loading in a 35
byte routine will waste 230 bytes In Level I, and
essentially 2K or 4K In Level II. For large programs this
Is not a problem. Consider BaslcOQ, which Is over 20K
long i It does not matter that the last 200 bytes are
not being used, because 20K Is. But, for the small
routines In the CMOS directory, the amount of space
wasted Is In most cases greater than the amount of
space used. To give you a concrete example, try loading
In B routines, such as LIST, LOAD, MERGE, DEL, LINK^
21
COPT, SLEEP, ECHO, tou will see that 2K of memory is
being used up In Level 1. t6K or 32K Is being used up fn
LeveT f I. Quite clearly, these 8 commands really only need
a few hundred byteslll
Other articles have mentioned burning an EPROM with
several utilities 1 rt It, I originally did this, managing to
Include 16 commands Into a 2K rom. But required several
days typing In the hex codes for these commands, and
checking tlieffl* I have no EPROM programmer software
which runs under 0S9, This does work quit© well. It Is
now possible to boot quickly, as 0S9 realizes that these
routines are In ROM. As a matter of fact, since they
are now In ROM, there Is no need for them on the disk.
Accordingly, I deleted them from my boot disk. BUT NOT
FROM THE ORIGINAL 0S9 DISK, OR THE BACKUP OF IT.
Remember, always have a backup of your boot disk before
you attempt fo do something as drastic as delete
commands or modify your startup or boot file.
While the EPROM route works, ft Is still not optimal
because:
1 - It takes a long time to burn the EPROM
2 - If Mlcroware updates any commands, you must then
burn a new EPROM.
What then Is the best way? What fs really required Is for
all these small commands to be loaded when you boot, not
from the STARTUP file, as this takes too long, but from
the boot file, GS9BQQT. This may not seem too easy,
because if you load the necessary files, then do a
COBBLER (Level II, none of these commands are saved.
The answer, however, Is found In the documentation to
theOS9GEN utility- The function of 0S9GEN Is to "make a
copy of an existing boot file, to add modules to an
existing boot file, or to create an entirely new boot
file". Now users of Level I will say, but ft states "On
0S9 Level One systems, the •cobbler 1 command is usually a
convenient way to make an exact copy of the existing
boot file". Note that It states ^exacf copy". What we
wish to do Is "add modules to an existing Boot file". I
am not surprised that Mlcroware did not document what I
am about to present. It took me a long time to see
this, but once I did, I was amazed at the results* Here
then r Is a step-by-step approach to create a new, Lever
I boot disk, wl+h many utilities loaded at boot time, with
each utility taking up exactly the required amount of
memory and no more. Level II users, be patient as some
of this Is relevant, and the other requirements are
explained later In the article.
Required Items needed before beginning this undertaking
are:
1 - a freshly formatted 0S9 disk
2 - a OIR X E listing, to give all the commands and their
length.
3 - about 10-20 minutes of your tJme.
Place the freshly formatted disk In /Dl and your normal
boot disk In /DO. Next, on the DIR listing, check the
commands you will like permanently In memory. (1 settled
for all commands under 200 hex long, or which were
frequently used such as FREE, TMODE, LOGON). With that
list In hand, enter the following sequence of commands,
f list 71_ for Illustration purposes. I will Include the
Commands LOAD, LIST LIW, LOGIN, TMOOE, DA1E, TSMON.
You are free to use which ever you wish,
0S9: os9gen /dl
/d0/os9boot
/dO/cmds/load
/dO/cmds/llst
/dO/cmds/llnk
/dO/cmds/logln
/dO/cmds/tmode
/dO/cmds/date
/dO/cmds/tsmon
(ESC key, or whatever EOF Is set to)
0S9:
fllst 11
Once the 0S9 prompt returns, the disk In drive 1 </dl) Is
ready for booting. It needs the CMOS directory, SYS
directory, a STARTUP file, and perhaps a DEFS directory .
Any of the commands Included during the 0S9GEN are not
needed on tills new disk. I personally use the DCOPYS
procedure given In the July, 1982 Issue of 68' Micro
Journal (p. 13). Tills also requires a routine labeled
FIXS, which was In the May. 1982 Issue of 68' Micro
Journal <p.16J. I have modified It to run quTckJy by
adding a #40 to the copy commands passed to the shell.
When fn BAS1C09 with DCOPYS and FIXS loaded, do a
SMFREE, and see now many pages are left free. The more
that are contiguous, the faster the copy will proceed. I
chose 40 paqes as this used up almost ail the r**+ nf mv
22
available memory. You can release some of BASIC09's
extra memory by using the MEM command. You could say
MEM 2000 or less, and that will return some of the memory
to 0S9. You wIM note that I also do a LOAD on the COPY
command, so that It stays resident for the entire use of
the directory copy, then UNLINK It at the end. 1
personally chose the following commands to Include at
boot time: ECHO, DEL. LINK, MAK0 1 R, LOAD, UNLINK, SLEEP,
LIST, TSMON, COPY, D I SPL AY. 13ATE, BUILD, MERGE,
PRfNTERR, SAVE, DIR, f*>IR, MFREE, PROCS, FREE, RENANC,
7W0DC, VEfflFY, DUMP, LOGIN.
Note that I no longer have all those commands on my
current boot disk. Now with few commands left In the
CMOS directory, I have free space, a much needed
resource on my single-sided, double-density disks.
However, I still haw my original 0S9 disk, and a second
copy of my old boot disk, *both of which have these
commands on them. Note that the only way to delete one
of the commands from the boot file. Is to remake the
boot file from the original 0S9B00T. However, new
versions of fHes may be Included at the beginning, before
the current 0S9B00T, then a new 0S9GEN. but this will
waste some space. For small commands, or for new device
descriptors, this does not make much difference. With
this new boot disk, the boot process should be very fast
and your startup file may shrink In size. My new startup
consists of:
SETIME 83
DATE T
ECHO 0S9 Level I successfully booted.
Once you have made all the directories, and copied the
necessary files, you are ready to try this new boot disk.
Put the disk In /d0 and hit reset. 0S9 should come back
quickly, with much less disk activity needed for
Initialization* Now typeMDIR. Note how quickly you get
a response (assuming you Included It tn the commands In
the boot). Note how many commands are sitting there to
give you Instant response. No need to waft for disk
delays. Now thats speed!!! This Is where 0S9 really
shines. The other 6809 operating systems do not really
provide this abilHy to have all these modules present la+
least nof In a relocatable sense). Now do an MFREE, the
amount of free memory will be less than you are used to,
but you have all these extra commands sitting there,
which now you will (hopefully) use more often- Ifyou had
frevlously LOADed these files, you will notice a net gain
n memory. It certainly Is nice that 0S9 contains these
options. I found that these commands require about 8k
of memory. Since I used to load most of these with LOAD,
there Is not that much more memory being used. I feel
that the Increase In speed outweighs the memory lost.
With memory getting cheaper. It Is better to utilize this
fully, and get that lightning speed from the operating
system. "Sure beats the pan-fs off all those other
systems"!!
Some Notes on this Level I conversion:
The new disk Is required because the boot program must
be contiguous on the disk. It cannot be scattered
across tTie free space of the disk like a norma! file.
Using a new disk also ensures that you ke the old disk
as a security backup. Also, using a new disk ensures
the the file OS9B0OT Is the first file on the disk, thus
the disk does not have to seek very far to find the
boot.
If you wish to change the boot program, you can make a
new boot on this new disk, as all the remaining space will
be contiguous after the files are copied. You can check
this by using the FREE command. If the largest block
reported Is the same size as the amount of free space,
then there Is only one piece of free space. Don't worry
If It Is not, as long as it Is within a few sectors. If 1 +
Is not contiguous, then 0S9GEN will give an error
message saying thai you will not be able to boot from
this disk. 00 NOT Despair. Rename OS9B0OT to xxx and
recall 0S9GEN providing there still Is enough free space
left on the dfsk* If so, then this 0S9GEN may work, and
then delete the xxx file. You may have to rename the file
TEMPB00T to a dummy name as well. If you still hava
problems, then you will be best off formatting a new disk,
and trying again* But, If you J ust want to add more
commands to the boot, you can use the modified OS9B0OT
file, which has some extra commands already In It, and do
not re-Include those files again. Or, you can go back to
the original 0S9B00T file, and re-specify all the flies
wanted.
Notes for 0S9 Level II
Level II users should not encounter all the troubles of
Level I users have* Level II supports loading files which
contain a number of routines, and It w 111 load them
'68' Micro Journal
contiguously. But, again we find the fragmentation
problem. If your version of Level II uses 2K or 4K blocks,
then make sure the flies you load are each just under ?K
or 4K In size- If the/ ore just over 2K or 4K (depending
on your particular page size), then you wilt be wasting
memory. Smoke Signal systems use 4K page sizes, and \
found that It Is possible to group a set of commands so
that they ore just slightly under 4K in length CEXX or
FXX In length). It Is better to make a number of smaller
files than to load one large one. If a program requests
one of the programs in a block. Its 64K address space
will lose the amount of memory equal to the size of the
btock(s) of memory containing that program. For
example, If you decided to merge a number of commands
Into a 9K file, 0S9 would use 12K to store It once loaded.
Now. when a program links to one of those programs, It
would lose the ability to refer to 12K of Its 64K memory,
since 12K of the memory It could see would be taken up so
that It could "see** that program. However, If fhat
program was In a block, just under 4K long, then only 4K
out of the 64K would be used up. Note that ff you Just
load a 50 byte routine. It will also take up 4K, so it fs
best to merge some utilities. It Is best to merge
utilities which may be used together, so that If both ore
needed concurrently, then only 4K will need to be used.
How do you create these files to load. Through the use
of the MERGE command. Just enter:
0S9: chd /dO/cmds
0S9: merge list link tsmon login makdlr rename del dlr
mdlr >utlll
0S9: merge rename sleep build copy attr procs free
mfree >utll2
etc.
Check the length of the files to ensure that they do not
go over OFFF using the E attribute of the DIR command.
Note that merge does not set the execute bits of the
output file (In fhU case UTIL1, UTIL2). To enable 0S9 to
loaa these files, you must Issue the command:
0S9: attr utili e pe
Note that this only need be done once, and then will show
up on the DIR E command.
Next, you must modify your startup file to do LOADs on
these files. The first few lines In your new startup file
should be:
LOAD UTILI
LOAD UTIL2
followed by the rest of your normal startup, except that
you can now delete tne other loads which refer to
programs already In the UTIL files.
Which files should be Included In the UTIL flies. I
Included the following:
UTILI:
attr, build, copy, date, del, dlr, display, dump, echo,
free
link, list, makdlr, merge, rename ** total length F97
UTIL2:
login, mdlr, mfree, procs, setlme, sleep, tee, tmode,
tsmon,
unlink ** total length FA2
UTIL3:
save, verify, version
total length 46E
However, two Important files have been omitted. These
ore the commands LOAD and SHELL. It seemed a pity to
use up 4K just for a 50 byte LOAD, while SHELL Is around
1K. f decided to put both In the 0S9B00T file using the
above procedure for 0S9GEN. I found that this freed up
I2K on the system. Now while memory Is getting cheaper,
most Level fl users do not have 1024K Installed In their
machine, perhaps 128K or 192K. The extra 12K or 16K still
makes a difference (Beslc09 will almost fit In the new
free space!) .
Once you follow the rest of the Instructions for copying
over to a new disk the remaining commands under the
CMOS directory, as well as SYS and DEFS, and make the
new startup file such as:
load utili
load ut1l2
load utl!3
setlme 83
date t
tsmon /tl &
echo 0S9 Level II system Initialized
Then, go and boot with this new disk. You will be amazed
at the taster boot which does less disk seeking* You
will also be able to Issue most commands In the OS^T manual
without reading them In from disk. This will really
Impress people who ere used to large systems, especially
If you let Them LOGIN on another terminal, and you
simultaneously execute programs. Try doing a MDIR E.
You will find that the commands will now be nicely
clustered In 4K pages, and will be contiguous In those 4K
blocks. Enter WFREE. See how much more of that
valuable memory you have available.
By spending time customizing your copy of 0S9, you are
able to greatly Increase the speed of execution of
various functions. You ore also able to reclaim varying
amounts of memory, and get more use out of your system *
I had spent many we s Dang I rig my head against the wall
trying to accomplish what I finally did. I feel that there
must be others who are not familiar with what can be
done to Improve 0S9* You may figure that It may not apply
to you, or that It may not be worth the effort, buT T
assure you that it Is worth the effort to get the system
to work quicker and more smoothly.
If you have ever worked with larger systems, with fast
hard disks, you probably get annoyed sometimes at your
slow 5 Inch floppies. The methoa presented adds That
extra oomph to your system, and you may decide that It
appears as if you nave DMA hard disks on your system.
Modifying Device Descriptors In 0S9
If you are like me, you find that your version of 0S9 does
not run the disk stepper motor at the fastest rate that
It can handle* This Is especially true If you have several
drives, each of them different In this respect. Your
drive stepping speed Is probably set to the slowest so
that all your drives will work, or perhaps the Initializer
byte for the ACIA on term or p1 Is not what you would like
It to be. You may wish to change the address of P.PIj
Tl, or even creafe another port, or disk drive. This
article will cover all this using several approaches, for
both Level I and Level II.
When I first obtained 0S9 for my system, I was very
frustrated because the disk stepper motors were
running at the slowest speed. I nave two MPI drives
which can run at 6ms step speed. 0S9 was running these
at 30ms step speed. Operations, such as searching the
disk directory, do a larae amount of disk seeks. By
speeding up seek speed, the speed of these searches Is
enhanced. In Smoke Signal DOS, this function is
accomplished through the use of the LUNCTL command
which allows setting the seek speed as well as the type
of drive (5" vs. 8", 40 vs. 80 track, etc.).
Unfortunately, no such command exists under 0S9. No
mention is given on how to change these functions other
than the Tact that the device descriptor module
contains a value for this (p. 6-B).
I had purchased DEBUG, so I decided this was as good a
time as any to try it out. I found that I could modify
values In the device descriptor, and the drives starting
seeking faster on seek operations. Then I thought,
"What happens next time I boot". I COBBLERed a disk, so
that It would contain the new stepping rates. When I
attempted to boot the disk. It started the boot, then
died. It took me some time to figure out that because I
had modified the device descriptor, Its CRC was ho
longer correct. That meant that 0S9 would not use the
module after a boot. Good thing I had a backup disk to
boot froml*
The solution to this problem came after a tremendous
amount of thought. Tne VERIFY command will update the
CRC for a module. If you save the modified module to
disk, update It to another file, then load that file: this
method will not work, because If you attempt to load a
file which already exists. It can only be replaced with a
higher revision number* Go back Into DEBUG, and bump up
the revision number of DO to 2 from 1. Then save, verify,
use attr to set the execute bits, and you can now load
these new disk descriptors. Each descriptor would be
loaded on a 256 byte boundary! (where have we discussed
this problem before)7 I had not yet figured out the
0S9GEN approach, so for a time I had a number of LOAD
statements In my startup file for the modified drives. I
decided that If DEBUG can update bytes In a module, then
It could also write In the correct module headers and
trailers. This was getting easy! All I had to do was DUMP
the verified modules to the printer t then use debug to
change all the values In the module. Now I could COBBLER
a new boot disk, and this disk would boot successfully.
68 + Micro Journal
23
However, this approach Is not suitable with Level II , and
will not readily create new device descriptors. What we
realty need Is to create a copy of the descriptor we wish
to modify on disk, then perform changes to that copy,
and f Inafty perform an 0S9QEN to create a new bootstrap
file to Incorporate these changes* The first part Is
easy- As an example, let us modify II* We will change th*
port address, as well as the default Initialization tc
Include 2 stop bits Instead of one, with 8 data bits.
First step Is to make a copy on disk. This Is done
via the SAVE command*
0S9: save tt
This will create a copy of tl In the current data
directory.
Next we require a hardcopy dump of the descriptor,
to ascertain what we will modify.
0S9: dump tl >/p
This creates a nicely formatted dump on the
printer.
Tl Is en SCF device. Page 7-6 of the 0S9 System
Programmers Manual describes the locations of
various function bytes. The port location Is not
listed. This Is at offset SOE, which Is a 3 byte
address (for extended addressing). Typically It will
be the third byte which you wish to change, at
offset $10. The ACIA Initialization value Is at
offset $26. To get 8 data bits. 2 stop bits, divide
by 64, the value Is $12 (taken fron a Motorola data
sheet). Mlcroware states that It's a good Idea to
Increase the revision level, as 0S9 keeps the module
with the highest number. Most modules are at
revision level I (bottom four bits In byte 7), Leave
the top four bits alone !fl
Now.we run program (given later on, entitled
OISKCHNG) which will allow us to modify bytes In file
Tl, which we created. This program allows changing
only I byte at a time, so you must re-enter the file
name each time If you have more than 1 change to
make. Baslc09 allows entering hex data by
preceding the data with a "$". Thus, the sequence
of commands entered Is: (note: do not enter the
comments on the right starting with rem, they ere
lust to explain what Is going o In each section!)
0S9: baslc09
B: load dlskchng
B: run
FILE NAME tl
ENTER BYTE TO CHANGE $07 rem: change
revision level
THE VALUE IS 81
ENTER NEW VALUE $82
THE VALUE IS 82
FILE NAME tl
ENTER BYTE TO CHANGE $10 rem: change
port address
THE VALUE IS E0
ENTER NEW VALUE $e2
NEW VALUE IS E2
FILE NAME tl
ENTER BYTE TO CHANGE $26 rem: change
Initialization
THE VALUE IS 15
ENTER NEW VALUE $12
THE VALUE IS $12
FILE NANC (control Q to quit)
B: bye
059:
File Tl has had changes made, and no longer Is a
valid 0S9 module, and must be verified.
0S9: verify u <tl >new.tl
0S9: ettr new.tl e pe
This command line tells the verify command to do an
update (u). take the Input from tl, and write a new
file called new.tl. new.tl will then contain a valid
0S9 module. It can now be 0S9GENed Into a new
boot file, or just loaded (since the revision number
was updated, 0S9 will keep around the copy with the
highest number). The attr marks the file as
executable-
Last step Is to create a new boot file (follow
?rocedure given before for Including extra modules
n the boot file). Note: the file name you wish to
Include Is NEW.TI, not 11. If you Include Tl then
the CRC will be Incorrect, and 059 will Ignore it.
Modifying a Disk Descriptor
seen a Level II manuel, as versions of Level II that I have
seen, come with Level I manuals). There are several
values which you might wish to change for each drive-
One of them Is the seek speed (offset 114). A table Is
given at the bottom of the page giving the step codes
and their corresponding step speeds* Offset $13
contains the drive number (In case you wish to make DO,
drive 3 not a really good Idea ). This Is useful though
If you wish to create another drive. All thet needs to
be done to create another drive is to save a drive
descriptor, say 00, then dump It to the printer as
above. Note the locations of the character string «w,
and modify It to be *D3" or whatever two character name
you wish. To extend the length of the name requires
reassembly of the descriptor (If you can create the
source to It In the first place !), or much headaches If
you try and modify the name yourself without assembling
the table. To create new terminals, modify Tl by
changing the name "Tl" and the po t address. Simple
once you know how. Note well; character strings In 0$9
have the high bit on in the lest character In the string,
so that e^1 h Is $BI, not $31. Here then Is an example
creating a new drive from DO, and Increasing the step
rate.
0S9: save dO
0S9: dump dO >/p
0S9: beslc09
B: load dlskchng
B: run
FILE NAME dO
ENTER LXATI0N $13
number
VALUE IS
ENTER NEW VALUE 4
VALUE IS 4
FILE NAME dO
ENTER LOCATION $14
speed
VALUE IS
ENTER NEW VALUE 3
6 ms
VALUE IS 3
FILE KWC dO
ENTER LOCATION $22
may change
VALUE IS 80
•TO"
ENTER NEW VALUE $b4
1*411
VALUE IS B4
FILE KATC (control Q)
B: bye
0S9:
rem: change drive
rem: from to 4
rem: change step
rem: fron 30 ms to
rem: this value
rem: econd byte of
rem: change to
rem: giving T)4"
Again, verify must be done to create a valid module. If
you only wish to change the stepping speed, then Just
change the appropriate value (and perhaps the module
revision number). Other bytes you may wish to change
ore $16. media density (to allow 80 track drives to read
40 track disks). Note that If you are using 80 track
drives, then the double track density D '* should be set.
This allows the software to read 40 track disks on 80
track drives. You can also write 40 track disks, but
there Is no guarantee that a 40 track drive will be able
to correctly read all of the disk, as the 80 track heads
write a much narrower band of data- It Is an advantage
to be able to read 40 t ack disks on an 90 track drive.
This feature Is especially useful for people who have a
mix of 40 and 80 trock drives In the systems, or people
who receive 40 track disks from others. WARNING: If you
do not have this bit set and have 80 track drives, you
will not be able to read those disks once the bit Is
turned on. When the bit Is off, the disk has written on
It Information which says It was created In a 40 track
drive, with 80 tracks!. Hence, when you tell 0S9 that
your drive Is 80 track, It will look at the disk see that
it Is 40 track, and skip every other tracV. and of
course will give seek errors. If you have two 80-treck
drives, then It Is possible to fix up one drive to be
Disk descriptors can be modified In a similar manner.
For RBF descriptors, such as DO, refer to page 6-B In
the OS-9 Level One System Programmer's Manuel (I have not
24
course will give seek errors-
drives, then It Is possible to fix up <
correct, format some new disks, ond then copy all your
disks- Make sure you then fix up DO If It is 80 track,
and create a new boor disk If necesse y-
Another reason for setting this bit correctly, Is that If
a disk written on an 80-track drive Is Inserted In a 40-
treck drive, 0S9 will generate an error message (wrong
type media). Another value to change for B0 track
drives Is the 2 byte number at I17-SIS, which contains
the default number of tracks for that drive, and location
$19, which contains the number of heads for the drive
(giving the number of surfaces). These bits ore used by
the format utility to pick up a default disk type* Do noT
modify bytes S 1 X - {20. Someone Intelligent provided
values for these, and they should not be changed, except
by a very knowledgeable person.
68* Micro Journal
0S9 users *IM become expert at customizing systems to
their particular needs. I hope that some readers can
use this Information, and perhaps discover an easier way
of making the modifications I hove described.
PROCEDURE dcopys
0000 REM copy dlr files
0011 REM space to copy- any other key to bypass
00 3A RSM from July, 19B2 '6B' Micro
0057
0056 DIM cmdS:STRINGM261
0064 DIM cSrSTRINGM)
0070 DIMp:BTTE
0077 TYPE rec- name: STRING 1291; mlsc:STRINGl33
0092 DIM drec:rec
0096 INPUT "from dlr > " p fd$
0OA£ INPUT *to dlr > " tdS
OOBF SHELL "load copy 1 '
00CC CH0 td$
0001 PRINT "space to copy - any other key to bypass"
00TC PRINT
00FE
00FF ON ERROR GOTO 10
0105
0106 OPEN #p,fd$:READHMR
0112 WHILE N0T(E0F(#p» 00
0110 5 REM read next dlr entry
0136 GET #p. dree
0140 IF LEFTt(drec.name,1»* " THEN
0153 IF LEFTKdrec.nome.l )<>".* THEN
0166 RUN flxsMrecname)
0173 cn.d$»"copy "+f d$+"/"+drec . name*"
'Hdrec.nameV* #40"
01 A0 PRINT cmd$; " ";
OtAA GET #0,c$
01B3 PRINT
01B5 \F c$-" " THEN
0IC2 SHELL cmdS
0IC7 ENDIF
0IC9 ENDIF
0IC8 ENDIF
OICO ENDwHILE
01D1 CLOSE Ip
01D7 SHELL •Wink copy"
0IE6 BYE
0IE8 10 REM error routine - bypass and try again
0212 PRINT "error - "; ERR
0220 GOTO 5
PROCEDURE flxs
0000 REM : this routine fixes up a string
0023 REM : a string read In from the directory has the
6th bit
004F REM : turned on In the last character to signify
end of string
0096 REM : baslc09 signifies the end of a string *lth
hex FF
00CE REM : this routine fixes up the string to end In
255 decimal K y
0112 PARAM x(29):BYTE
01 IE 0IM 1: INTEGER
0125 1-0
01 2C LOOP
01 2E l-F+1
0139 EXITIF x(l»126 THEN
0146 xO)«x<l>-126
015A x<J+1l«255
0166 EN0EXIT
016C EXITIF 1>27 THEN EN0EXIT
01 7B EN0LO0P
017F END
PROCEDURE dlskchng
0000 REM program to change by es In a disk file
0029 REM by Paul Burege
003A D1Mj>ath:BYTE; name: STRING! 501; numberrBYTE
0054 IFPUT "file name *>ame
0066 OPEN f path, name :0P0AT£
0072 WUT Snter byte to change ",ptr
008F SEEK #peth,ptr
0099 GCT Ipeth.number
0OA3 PRINT USING "s20,h2"," he value ls",nu*ber
00C1 SEEK §jm th,p tr
00C8 IfPUT Center new value ", number
00E3 PUT #path t number
I0ED PRINT USING "s20,h2",*new value ls",number
108 CLOSE #path
1" ENOLOOP
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MACROS
I'm turt a number of vou read with
mom* interest. a ytar ago, Greg Walker's
articles in BYTE about a structured
a sss>mb | ffjr for the bB09. And thought, as 1
did: wouldn't that be nice... if I under-
stood how it works, or if it was written
for the TSC rather than the Motorola
assembler '
The advantages would be obvious:
cleaner and clearer structures in medium-
size and long programs* easier writing,
easier debugging; better modularity. My
problem was that I had never really worked
with macros or conditipna) assembl y* and
just looking at the Walker listings made
me >^mry much aware of how hard a job it
might be.
Walker's method is one that is used
sometimes on larger systems* but rather
r^rm on micros: coding a language, or in
this case language extensions, in assem-
bler macros. It is similar to the
technique used by H.L.Harkness to create
Rload ('68 Hicro sept-nov I9B1).
It took me some six months to make up
my mind* then sometime last summer, as I
planned to embark on some fairly fancy
assembly programming projects, I figured 1
might save more time tackling this task
first and thus giving myself a powerful
tool to help solve the other problems. It
did take quite a bit of work (so much that
I'm not sure I saved time overall), but it
was extremely instructive... and now I
wonder how I could do without structured
assembly for most of what I write.
For those who haven't seen the Walker
articles* 1*11 give here a qu i c k r un -
down on macros and conditional*, with both
their advantages and inconvenients.
Experienced assembler hackers and those
who have read Walker may skip the next two
sections.
MACROS
Macros »rm blocks of instructions
given a name, somewhat like subroutines,
except that each time they Arm called
(just by writing their name in the
program) v they Arm "expanded" or written
again into the text. They* re good either
for short series of instructions used
often in a program* or for blocks that Arm
not quite identical, but almost* from one
use to the next.
For instance, if you write an
assembler program doing quite a bit of
file juggling, you might write a "family 1 *
of macros called OPEN* READ* WRITE and
CLOSE to take care of the details of file
access. Or if you use multiple precision
'68' Micro Journal
25
arithmetic in a program, you could havi
PLUS. MINUS, TIMES and DIVIDE macros
taking car* of that.
Macros arm usually defined at the
beginning of the program, and after that
they can be considered simply as new, more
powerful or more complex, instructions of
the assembler. Another good method <the
one 1 use here) is to have a librery__ qf
macro f i 1 es you can call through the LIB
pseudo-instruction of your assembler. That
way you won't have to rewrite the mame
series of instructions each time you need
them.
On the other hand. the first times
you use macros, it is hard to rmmmmhmr
that they arm not oaMl, of_ the program , and
arm not executed unltti they arm speci-
fically called. They arm used at a ssembl y
time . not at run time * Which at first can
lead to a number of hard-to-track error*,
Macro* can also have parameters, or
arguments. Except that these parameters
arm X \ tteral s . not value* or expressions.
A macro parameter, in TSC format, is
rm^mrrmd to in the body of the macro by an
ampersand followed by a number from 1 to 9
indicating the order of the parameter in
the calling line. For instance* if a macro
PLUS is called as
PLUS VALUE, + ,D
the expression &i will rm^mr to the ASCII
string "VALUE". &2 will become "+" and Sc3
will be "A" (which could as well represent
tne letter M A H as the hex value 10 or the
A register of the 6B09 ' ) .
Another difficulty is that you can't
use labelled lines inside a TSC macro:
since each label will be "created" anew
each time the macro is expanded on pass
one of the assembler, it will generate a
"multiply defined symbol" error. The only
(not very useful) way to go around this is
to give the macro new label names each
time as parameters.
CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY
1 had read about this in the TSC
assembler manual and in Leventhal's book
on the 6809, but I must admit I had not
the least idea what it could be used for,
except in a very limited way. That's
because 1 didn't understand the difference
between what happens to a program at
assembly time and what happens to it at
run time.
So here we go: conditional assembly
has no effect at al 1 on what happens when
you run a program. Its influence ends as
soon as the program is assembled into
binary form. What it does is assemble the
prQQr#ffl. or a program taction, differently
in different circumstances according to a
set of rules . One of its major uses is
inside macros: a macro can be defined in
various ways according to the parameters,
or even to the number of parameters,
passed on to it. This is the way I use
conditional assembly in the present series
of structured macros.
But since conditional assembly is
restricted to assembly time, values
created by a run of the program cannot be
26
used to set the conditions* this is
specially true of variables or of the
contents of memory bytes, since there is
no way you can know these in advance at
assembly time. Thus if your conditional
assembly dvpends on certain numerical
limits that vary from one invocation to
another. the only way to pass them on is
through explicit expressions or pseudo-
variables created by the assembler at
assembly time. But since you can use 6QU
on a symbol only once in a program, you
have to use the SET pseudo-directive
instead, which can be redefined at will.
In practice, conditional assembly Is
a very powerful technique, but it also has
severe drawbacks: i t can make the code
impossible to read and understand, and
Introduce any number of weird bugs, often
caused by a confusion between assembly
time and run time behaviour. So I would
tend to side with Lance Leventhal , whose
advice about conditionals is "Don't use...
unless you have to".
LEVELS OF MACROS
Let's now go into the Astruc family
of macros itself. It is built in four
levels: primitives. tests and code
generation, stack control, and the
structured macros themselves. Each level
can and does call the preceding levels to
execute part of its tasks. But as these
will vary from one call to the next, I
have to use conditional assembly a lot.
which tends to obscure the listings and
thus the role of each macro.
This doesn't matter if you want to
simply transcribe the macros and use them
as such: the programmer only uses the last
level in his programs, and does not need
to ^now how they work. But if you want to
change them, or add on to them* you had
better know what you're getting into. So I
shall describe briefly what each of the
first three levels does.
a) Pr mit tivll ! they do strictly low
level short and simple tasks used by the
higher level macros. LGT2T sets pseudo-
variable BR1LG to or 1 according to
whether the L parameter for long branching
instructions is present. The others arm
all concerned with stack managenwnt, about
which more in a moment.
b> Te stes and compares : they test and
validate the various parameters of higher
level macros, and generate assembly code
accordingly. They check for instance that
the registers and conditions rm^mrrmd to
in the fourth level macros arm correct,
and "write" into the program the needed
conditional branching instructions, often
leaving the adress field blank or filled
with a dummy value, to be defined later in
the process (the RP1LG pseudo-variable is
used only for this).
c> Stack control : to be able to nest
assembly structures inside each other we
need a stack to check at which level we
arm and to hold values and addresses. But
the conditional assembly format does not
allow this, so we must simulate a stack
using dummy variables.
'68* Micro JournaJ
Thim is probably the hardest part of
the job of creating the structured macro
family. First, you need simple and ativ to
"" PUSH and PULL in f 1;rtic^ ons, to be
called at the highest macro ltvfl, and to
take car* automatically of stack managt-
mtnt tasks. These havt only two possible
parameters: an address, and the Q option
indicating a more complete PUSH or PULL
required by the multiple choice structure
CASE OF.
Then (and this Is a major difference
from the Walker structured macros in BYTE)
we have another macro, at the primitive
level , EX9MAC, which is called every time
by the P6SH and P6LL macros to determine
at which level of the stack we ^rm. This
has to be done "by hand", testing each
possibility through a binary search,
which makes EX9MAC probably the most
c PfflO l ew of all the macros here.
Finally, once the stack level is
determined, the primitive P2SH or P2LL
utility macros are called to effect the
stack Manipulations themselves. There »rm
two versions of each, the simple one.
which acts on only one variable, and the
p O H one, which acts on three.
STRUCTURED ASSEMBLY
The fourth level of macros is the one
which transforms your standard TSC assem-
bler into a qm«h -higher tfvfl U n q"*q«*
without robbing you of any of its versa-
tility and hardly any of its compactness.
Instead of a structured macro, you can
always use a "normal** compare and jump in
any situation, but based on half a dozen
programs, I figure that the extra code
generated by the macros is n9>/T more than
55£. » - and the extra running time is about
nil: most of the unnecessary instructions
never get executed anyway.
Structured assembly has three main
advantages: it gets you rid of all the
confusing jumps and branches (conditional
or not), thus making the program much more
understandable and easier to debug *- in
fact, I find that most of the time I save
is in the debugging rather than the coding
stage — and test; it eliminates the need
for most line labels, since almost all the
jumps srm generated directly by the
macros! and it regroups the program parts
into functional blocks in a much more
logical way, so that program flow "ju»ps
around** much less and is more obvious.
As In any high-level programming
language, you use the structured macros in
two circumstances: when there is a choice
to be made between two or more alter-
natives, and when you need a loop repeated
from zero to a number of times or until a
certain condition is met.
CHOICE STRUCTURES
There ^rm two families of structured
macros used for choosing. One, the IF
family, serves for choices between two
alternatives! the other, the CASE family,
is used when there »rm more than two
possibil 1 ties.
The IF family holds five macros:
three different forms of IF, the IFNOT
(meaning ELSE) clause, and the IFEND macro
indicating the limit of the scope of an IF
structure. Why three IF forms? To take
advantage of the variety of testing
instructions on the 6909* and to optimize
the resulting code. The IFRG form compares
between an internal register and a value
in memory, using equal /not-equal , greater-
or -equal /smal ler, and greater/smal 1 er-
or-equal tests. The IFTST form checks,
using the TST instruction, a value held in
memory or the A or 8 register, and
branches accordingly. The IFCC form uses
the status of the condition code register,
which should already have been set, to
make a choice.
Each form of the IF macro can be
followed by a block of code to be executed
if the test is successful, an IFNOT
clause, and another block of code to be
executed x f the test i s not successful
(the IFNOT part is optional). The end of
the whole structure (which can be nested)
is marked by a IFEMD macro.
The CASE family has four macros, and
allows for one of many blocks of code to
be executed according to the result of an
equal /not-equal test between an internal
register and a value in memory. It also
has an OTHER default case to take care of
situations in which none of the tests
succeed. Its end is marked by the ENDCASE
macro.
Note that the IF macros have the same
form as in the Greg Walker BYTE articles,
but they *r9 coded differently: they nest
16 deep instead of 10, and the stack
management is done not inside them but by
a lower level group of macros. The CASE
macros »rm new. . . and pretty useful
especially where for instance a value or a
character in the A register has to be
tested for several possibilities. You will
see typical uses of these forms in the
1 i stings.
LOOP STRUCTURES
There »rm three loop structure
macros, two adapted from Walker (WHILE...
ENDWHILE and REPEAT UNTIL) * and a new
one, a counting loop similar to the BASIC
or Pascal FOR NEXT loops. The REPEAT loop
is the simplest form: it generates a test-
and-branch at the end of the block,
without any overhead. The WHILE form is
more complex, since it tests at the
beginning of the block, and thus generates
a conditional branch at the beginning and
an absolute branch at the end.
The FOR loop is the most complex, and
often the most useful: it uses one of the
internal 690<? registers as a counttr,
which is incremented or decremented at
each execution of the enclosed block of
code, until it reaches a preset limit. If
the increment (or decrement) is 1« the INC
instruction is generated if possible, else
the ADD or LEA instruction is used. For
practical reasons, the initial value and
limit »rm set at the beginning of the loop
(where the test is made), but the incre-
ment is defined at the «nd. as a parameter
to the NEXT macro.
All these structures can be nested
inside each other up to 16 deep, the
oseudo-stack taking care of the details.
'68' Micro Journal
27
thum allowing tho programmer to concen-
trate on the meaning rather than the
mechanics of the whole program and its
various sections. "Pretty-writing*' the
code with indentations in Pascal or C
fashion makes the architecture of the
program much clearer, and the flow of
control much easier to follow to the
author himself.
LI9TIN39 AND EXAMPLE
You will find appended to this first
the listings of the structured macros
themselves, then a program example of
their use in practice. To use the struc-
tured macros, you copy them in a text file
called ASTRUC.TXT, and when you write a
program, put LIB ASTRUC at the beginning.
You may then use any of the macros as you
would other "natural" instructions of the
assembler.
Note that all 6809 addressing modes
may be used as parameters to these macros
(wherever An address is needed), and that
the responsibility to force long branching
through the L parameter rests with the
programmer, although the macros will send
out An error message if long branches ArQ
needed but not present. More detailed
information on the syntax is included in
the listing comments before each macro.
The rather bizarre labels chosen for
the lower level macros and the pseudo-
variables have no real meaning. I made
them unusual enough so there would be
little risk of conflict between them and
any other labels the user could create in
a structured assembly program. Thus P6LL
and P6SH instead of PUSH and PULL, etc.
The second listing is a short example
of a structured assembly program, the
SEARCH utility to look for a series of hex
bytes in any FLEX fil
Explanations of this
in the comments lines
listing. The last lis
of the program (using
the code generated
If you compare the st
the results, 1 think
first that the struc
easier to read and
that i f you had coded
"straight" assembler
been shorter by more
so.
text or binary,
program will be found
and fields of the
ting is a disassembly
DYNAMITE) to show
by the Astruc macros.
ructured source and
you'll have to admit
tured form is much
follow... and second
the same program in
, it wouldn't have
than a dozen bytes or
If you assemble the SEARCH program,
you will notice that assembly takes quite
a bit more time than you expect. That is
the penalty you pay for using macros in a
program. But it is usually more than
adequately compensated for by the time you
save coding and debugging the programs.
Since the macros generate a lot of ORG
instructions that will be reflected in the
structure of the resulting binary file on
the disk, I suggest one extra step to
obtain simpler code: once your program is
assembled, note its limits in memory, then
dump it to memory using GET and save it
using SAVE or SAVE. LOW. This will get you
rid of all those ORG* and result in a file
that loads much faster.
* STRUCTURED ASSEMBLY MACROS
* Yv»» Led ere. Sept amber 1982
» Adapted and e*pand»d from Greg klalka
* of Motorola (BYTE, nOv/det 17BI>
* INTERNAL DUMMY VARIABLES
0000
ACP1L
SET
f
F0i*«
RP1LG
SET
*F0#*
tfitW
8R1LG
SET
f
V%300
RG2O0
SET
#
• PRIMITIVES
• TEST FOR LONG BRANCH
LGT2T MACRO CL1
IFC L.41
BR1LG SET 1
ELSE
BR1LG SET
ENOIF
ENDfl
• PUSH ON STACK
• • ) Short case
P2SH MACRO <lvl>,<addr
SP1LS.1 SET *2
LP1L41 SET BR1LG
ENOM
• b> Double cave
P2SHQ
MACRO
SP1L&1 SET &2
LP1LS.1 SET BR1LG
RPlLlrl SET PG20D
APIL41 SET AD2PL
ENOM
* PULL FROH STACK
* a> Short case
lvl>,<addr>
P2LL
MACRO <lvl>
ORG SP1L41
BRL2G
SET LP I Li J
ENOM
• b) Double case
P2LL0
MACRO <tvl>
ORG SP1L41
BRL2G
SET LPtLH
RG2D0
SET RP1LIJ
AD2PL
SET APIL41
ENDfl
OETtRMINE STACK LEVEL
and execute macro
EXVMAC MACRO
<macro>,<addi
IF
ACPlLv^.23
IF
ACP1L<13, 11
IF
ACPIL<13,3
IF
ACPlL-13,2
11
16.S.2
IF
ACP1L.40
4.1
13.1.2
IF
ACP1L.38
IF
ACPlL-13,2
41
14,5.2
IF
ACPI L. 33
III
I3.fr?
IF
ACPIL.33
IF
ACP1L<11,3
IF
ACP1L-U.2
• 1
12. $.2
IF
ACP1L.29
&1
11,42
IF
ACP1L.27
IF
ACPiL*9,2
41
10. 12
IF
ACP1L.2*
1<1
7,42
IF
ACP1L.22
IF
ACP1L<3, 11
IF
ACP1L<7.3
IF
ACPlL-7,2
11
a,*2
IF
ACPIL.17
41
7,42
IF
ACPtr, 13
IF
ACP1L-3.2
Sci
6,*2
IF
ACP1L, 12
41
5.42
IF
ACP1L. 10
IF
ACP1L<3,5
IF
ACPJL~3,2
41
4*12
IF
ACP1L.A
41
3.42
IF
ACPIL.4
IF
ACPlL-1,2
VI
2.1(2
IF
ACP1L, 1
41
1.42
* TESTS AND COMPARES
* ■■■—■■■■»■■■■■■*■•
* TEST FOR VACIOE PARAMETER
PAT2T HACRO <par>
26
*68 T Micro Journal
I^NC
W,.5
BNP4
SET
ERR
• PARAMETER ERROR •
EXITM
IFC
H.L.-3
0f*>4
SET
ENDM
1
♦ GENERATE CASE INSTRUCTIONS
G2NOD
MACRO
<rsq>,<addr>
CNP11
12
IF
eeiLG
LBNE
RPILG
ELSE
SHE
*
END IF
ENDH
• FIND
CASE REGISTER
CI NOD
MACRO
<addr>
IF
RGC0D>3,9
IF
RG20D-3.6
IF
RG20D-1
G2NOD
A, !•!
ELSE
G2NOD
8, !•!
END IF
IF
RG2QD, 10
G2NOD
0.11
IF
RG20D.B
IF
RG20D«6,6
IF
RGZOD-4
G2N00
0*11
ELSE
G2NOD
X,U
END IF
IF
RG20D, 1
G2NOD
v,H
ENDM
• GENERATE COMPARE
0PT2T
MACRO
<cond>,<cond>,<cond>
IFC
1.1,1.2
M0P
SET
1
IFN
6RILG
M3
*
ELSE
LBI-3
RPILG
ENDIF
ELSE
IFC
1.1,1.3
BNSP
SET
l
IFN
BR1LG
B12
•
EL3E
L812
RPILG
ENDIF
F.NDIF
ENDIF
ENDM
• FIND
CORREC1
TEST
OPT5T
MACRO
<cond>,CTtCJ
9N0P
SET
1FNC
12., 6
0PT2T
1.1, PL, MI
IF
BN0P, 12
0PT2T
11,CC,CS
IF
6N0P, 10
0PT2T
ll.S/C,VB
IF
BN0P.0
IFC
12.T.2
0PT2T
ll.GT,LE
IF
8N0P,9
OPT2T
ll.EO.NE
IF
0N0P.3
OPT2T
t.l,B€tLT
IF
8N0P, 1
ERR
• ILLEGAL CONDITION
11
ENDM
• VALIDATE RESIST**
RGT3T
MACRO
<reg>,CCtNJ
DNR3G
SET
IFC
11, D, 4
IFC
1.1, S, 3
IFC
ll.U,2
IFC
H.X.l
IFNC
ll.Y.l
0NR3O
SET
1
IFNC
1.2, C, 1
BNBZG
SET
I-BNR3G
IFNC
12, M, 2
IFC
0.11,7
SET
6NR3G+BNR3G
IF
BNR3G, 3
IFC
11. A, 1
IFNC
11. B, 2
SET
1
IF
BNR3G.1
• otf the A or B register or a uttnory byte
• and sets ionfl flags accordingly.
• Th« only accepted conditions «re EQ, NE,
• LT and G€.
• TYPICAL USE: IFTST A,LT
» etc...
IFTST
• ILLEGAL REGISTER 11 •
ENDM
♦ STACK CONTROL
• PUSH
P6SM
ACPIL
MACRO
<rtg>.<cond>, tL)
PAT2T
12
IFN
BNP4.6
LGT2T
13
ROT3T
11. c
IFN
BNR3G.3
TST
11
0PT3T
12. T
P6SN
•-1-BRILG
ENDM
<addr>,tO]
ACPlL+l
ACP1L<17,2
• STACK OVERFLOW
MACRO
SET
IF
ERR
EXITM
IFC 12,0
EX«?HAC P2SH0.ll
ELSE
EX<?MAC P2SH,11
ENDIF
ENDM
• PULL
• cJ On condition cod* rtquttr statu*
• Supposes that the nesded test has
• already been made, an* b*iti its choici
• on the state o4 ona or ttvtril of tha
• condition coda register flags. This is
• tha general form, where all possible
• conditions tw accepted.
• TYPICAL USE: JSR FMS
« IFCC NE.L
» < error treatment >
» I FEND
• < execution contlnues>
MACRO
IF
ERR
EXITM
IFC
C03
ACPIL, 2
• STACK EMPTY
11,0
IFCC
EX9MAC P2LLQ
ELSE
EX9MAC P2LL
ENDIF
ACPIL SET ACPlL-1
ENDM
♦ STRUCTURED MACRO- I NBT RUCTIONS
• CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE
MACRO
PAT2T
IFN
LBT2T
OPT5T
P65M
ENDM
<cond>, CL1
11
BNP4.3
12
11
#-l-BRll_6
♦ END OF THE IF BLOCK
I FEND
NT4DR
MACRO
SET
P6LL
IFN
IF
ERR
ELSE
BRL2G
(NT40R-«-l>>127
♦ 'L* AFTER IF«
• There are three possible conditional
• instructions, according to the type
• ai test flt^dt. But their syntax is similar,
• their operation identical: i< the result
• of the test is TRUE (nor rero>. the block
• of code Immediately following is executed,
• until the corresponding IFNOT or If END.
• If IFNOT is present, the following block of code
• is skipped until the corresponding 1FEND.
• 14 the test result is FALSE (zero), the following
• block of code is skipped until the corresponding
• IFNOT or IFEND, and execution resumes there*
• (NOTE: Use o4 unusual forms IFNDT and IFEND
• Is forced because TSC macro assembler already
• has ELSE and ENDIF mnemonics. >
•a) On compare
• Accepts logical operators EO, NE, GE. LT,
• GT, LE with the same meaning as in the 60*9
• assembler or 1R? FORTRAN IF instructions.
• <reg> can be any of the processor registers
• except DP, PC or CC. <addr> can use any of
• the legal addressing modes of the 6609
• (but »n Indexed address Including a comma,
• plus or minus signs, should be in quotes).
• Optional parammtmr L signals a long branch,
• TYPICAL USE: IFRO B.NE, -0, *♦■ , L
• <btock of code>
• IFNOT
• <block of code>
• IFENO
1FR6
IFNOT
MACRO
<reg>,<cond>,<addr >, ID
PAT2T
13
IFN
9NP4.3
LGr2T 14
RGT3T 11
CMPH 13
0PT3T 12, C
PeSN ♦-1-BR1LG
ENDM
• b> On A or B register or memory TST
• Tafcei advantage of the 680* TST
• instruction, whlck tests the content*
FCb
N?40R-*-l
ENDIF
ELSE
FDB
NT40R-«-2
ENDIF
ORG
NT4DR
ENDM
rYPE CONSTRUCT
MACRO
CL1
LGT2T
11
IF
BR1LG
L8RA
RPILG
ELSE
BRA
•
ENDIF
IFEND
P6SH
•-1-BR1LG
enDm
68' Micro *lournal
29
• LOOP STRUCTURES
• e> TEST AT THE BEGINNING
• R»p««t* a block of instructions am long
• as the test ^ivti a TRUE r«tult, with the
» same condition* as the tFRG itrueturs,
• Teat ii mad v at the start, so that the
• block of instruction* may not bo txtcutcd
• at al 1.
• TYPICAL USE; WHILE A.Ne.^.-U"
• -block, of cod*
• ENOWHILE
WHILE
• blocv or instruction* «*iay never b«
• «r«coted. Not* tnat *or practical coding
• reason*, tht initialisation and limit of
• the rtqifttr Art set at the beginning, but
• 'ho incrt*tnt or decrement is dtMnid
• only at tho doit of the loop,
• TYPICAL USE: FOR X, *5000. TEN
• <bloek ot* codt>
• NEXT *,-3
MACRO
<>eg>,<cond
PAT2T
13
IF*
BNP4.o
IGT2T
14
SET
•
RGT3T
11
CMP11
13
UPT3T
12. C
P6SH
♦-1-BR1LG.0
END hi
FOR
A02PL
♦ END OF WHILE LOOP
ENDWMlLE MACRO
NT4DR
MACRO
'reg>,<<
PAT2T
13
I FN
BWP4. II
RGT3T
11. M
1FN
BNR3G,9
LGT2T
14
LDll
12
SET
a
cmpii
13
IF
BR1LG
LBHI
RP1LG
ELSE
BH!
a
END IF
PiSH
•-2-BR11
ENOH
iin;,<a«K>,CL]
SET
•
P6LL
IFN
BRL2G
IF
NT4DR-~1>127
ERR
•'L' AFTER WHILE
ELSE
FCB
NT4Dff*1~*
END IF
ELSE
FOB
NT4DR+1-*
END IF
ORG
NT4DR
IFN
fc**LZG
BRA
AD2PL
ELSE
LBwA
AD2PL
END IF
ENDfl
• END OF FOR LOOP
• b> TEST AT THE END
• Tho simoleat (and Uttttt> possible
• loop structure, requires only a tomt
• and branch instruction at tho end,
• Follows tho samo rulos as tho WHILE
• loop* but ♦or sr\ important exception;
• condition is sot and tested at the end of
• the block of code, so that the block autt
• be executed at least once. The beginning
• REPEAT pseudo- instruct ion takes only one
• parameter, the optional L.
• TYPICAL USE; REPEAT L
• 'block of code>
• UNTIL Y.GT,"S~-
NT4DR
REPEAT
MACRO
CL J
LGT2T
11
P6SH
•
ENDM
UNTIL
MACRO
<rffg>,<cond)i addr >
PAT2T
13
IFN
BNP4 , 1 9
NT4DR
SET
P6LL
a
BR1L0
SET
BRL2G
JUS02
SET
■
0R0
NT4DR
RGTM
11
CHP11
13
0PT3T
12, C
ORG
•-I-BR1LG
IFN
BRiLG
IF
•~JUS02-1>127
ERR
• 'L' AFTER UNTIL •
ELSE
FCB
JUS02---1
END IF
ELSE
FDB
JUS02-e-2
ENDIF
ENDfl
MACRO
<reg>. <diff>
PAT2T
12
IPW
BNP4.34
PGT3T
H. n
IFN
BNR3G,72
IF
BNR3G-2
LEAll
12,11
ELSE
IFC
11, D
ADD11
•12
EL5E
IF
tdNI
INCH
ELSE
IF
12—1
DEC1I
ELSE
ADD1*
12
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
SET
m
PILL
IF
12>«7FFF
BLO
a
ORG
• -1
ELSE
ORG
»♦!
ENDIF
IFN
BRL2G
IF
NT4DR-»*1 127
ERR
•*L* AFTER FOR*
ELSE
FCB
NT4DR*l-»
ENDIF
ELSE
FDB
NT4DR+1-*
ENDIF
ORG
NT4DR
IFN
BRL2G
BRA
AD2PL
ELSE
LBRA
AD2PL
ENOIF
ENDfl
• c> COUNTING LOOP
• Executes a block of instructions while
• incrementing or decrementing a register
• until the register contents passes some
• preset limit. Equivalent to the BASIC
• FOR NEXT loop except that here the test
• is made at the beginning, so that the
♦ MULTIPLE CHOICE STRUCTURE
• This is equivalent to the Pascal CASE
• structure, which allows you to compare
• a variable with several different possible
• values, and execute this Or that section
• of code according to the result. »mr9, the
• base variable as one of the registers (same
• as in IFRG structure), and the only test
• made is for equal i ty. There are four macros
• In the structure:
• CASE only determines which register is used.
• OF. repeated as many times as necessary,
• introduces one of the possible values and the
• corresponding block of code. The value may be
• defined using any addressing mode.
• OTHER is the default option* taking cmrw of
• any case not covered in the OF blocks. It is
• optional.
• ENDCASE marki
a the end of the structure.
• TYPICAL USE:
CASE A
*
OF e- +
•
code for add>
•
OF e--
•
'eode for sub>
•
OF f»
•
<Code for mult>
a
OF •'/
•
'code for dw>
*
DTHER
•
< number or verlable>
•
ENOCASE
CASE
MACRO
<r«g>
RG20D
SET
IFC
A, 11, 12
RG20D
SET
I
IFC
B.ll, 10
RG20D
SET
2
IFC
D.11,0
RG200
SET
3
IFC
D, 11, 6
RG20D
SET
4
IFC
K,1U4
RQOUO
5Ef
3
IFC
V.ll.2
ERR
• ILLEGAL REGISTER 11 •
EXITH
RG20D
SET
RG20D»1
AOIPL
SET
BRL1G
SET
P6SH
0,0
ENDfl
OF
MACRO
<*ddr>,(Ll
PAT^T
11
IFN
BNP4.29
LGT2T
12
NT4DA
SET
a
P6LL
Q
NT2DR
SET
a
IFN
NT2DR.21
IFN
AD2PL.A
ORG
AD2PL
IF
BRL2G
FDB
NT4DR-e-2
ELSE
FCB
NT4DR-*-!
ENDIF
f?RG
NT4DR
AD2PL
SET
• •►1
IF
BRILG
LBRA
RP1LG
ELSE
PRA
a
ENDIF
NT40R
SET
a
ORG
NT2DR
IF
BRILG
FOB
NT4DR-.-2
ELSE
FCB
NT4DR-e-l
ENDIF
ORG
NT4DR
GINOD
11
P6SH
♦-1 -BRILG,
il CASE
ENDfl
30
MACRO
CLI
LGT2T
fcl
SET
•
P6LL
Q
SET
•
1FN
NT20R,
21
1FN
AD2PL,
6
ORG
AD2PL
IF
&RL2G
FOB
NT4DR-
♦ -2
ELSE
FCB
NT40R-
• -1
END IF
ORG
NT40R
SET
♦ ♦1
IF
BR1LG
LbKA
KHILu
ELSE
BRA
•
END IF
SET
*
ORG
NT20R
IF
8R1LG
FOB
MT4DR-
*-2
ELSE
FCB
NT4DR-
•-1
ENDIF
ORG
NT40R
P6SH
*.g
END*
MACRO
SET
»
P6LL
Q
SET
#
IFN
NT2DR,
3
IF
BRL2G
FOB
NT4DR-
-♦-2
ELSE
FCB
NT4DR-
-•-1
ENDIF
ORG
AD2PL
IF
BRL26
FDB
NT4DR-*-2
ELSE
FCB
NT4DR*
-♦-I
ENDIF
ORG
MT4DR
ENDtt
JSR GETHEX
WHILE B,NC,»0
TFR X,D
STB Y«-
JSR GETHEX
END WHILE
TFR V,0
SUBD *BYTLST
STB LENGTH
JSR PCRLF
LDA t»l
LDX *SYSFCB
ilA , *
JSR FMS
• START READING FILE
Get list of bytea to compart
Compute lenght of byte 1 1 mt
Open file
8EGSCT JSR FMS Pas* loading addreaa
JSR FMS
JSR FMS
STA LSECT And note length
RTS
PRGEND LDA l.X
1FRG A.NE.MB
JSR RPTERR
I FEND
JSR FMSCLS
I FEND End o-f main program
JMP WARMS
Set first byte
IFCC EO
LDY eBYTLST
JSR FMS
LFRG A 1 E0,»2 Check if binary ti*m
DEC 3<5,X
LBSR BEGSCT Take ttctor Length
JSR FMS
bNE ERROR
1FEND
• LOOK FOR A MATCH
REPEAT
J»SR ENDTST
1FRG A.EG.Y 14 f i srt byte matchit
t-DB LENGTH
LOA 34, x Note pomttion
STA CURBYT
DECB Im it a mingle byte?
EFCC NE No, check reet o4 I ret
l.EAY 1,Y
REPEAT
JSR FMS
BNE ERROR
BSR ENDTST
1FRG A.NE.Y* If no match. ju/f>p
BRA MOMTCH
I FEND
DECB
UNTIL B, EQ.e0
1FEND
BYTLST
EOU *
END FALST
• STANDARD PRE
-NAMED
C640
SvSFCB
EOU
•C840
CD03
WARMS
EOU
•CO03
CD1B
PUTCHR
EOU
•COlB
CD2*
PCRLF
EOU
•LD24
CD2D
GETFIL
EOU
•CD2D
CD3C
OUTHEX
EOU
•C03C
CD3F
RPTERR
EOU
•CD3F
CD42
GETHEX
EOU
«CD42
CD43
OUTADR
EOU
•CD4S
D403
FMSCLS
ECU
• D403
D406
FMS
EOU
♦D406
• SEARCH COMMAND
• LOOkS THROUGH A FILE FOR A SERIES
• OF HEX VALUES
• YVES LECLERC, 12/2/82
• FLEX ROUTINES AND ADDRESSES
HARMS EOU SCD03
GETFIL EOU SCD2D
GETHEX EOU »CD42
OUTADR EOU SCD4S
OUTHEX EOU *C03C
FUTCHR EOU SCO 18
SVSFCB EDU SC640
RPTERR EOU *CD3F
FMS EOU tD4<2»6
FMSCLS EOU SD403
PSTRNG EOU «CD1E
PCRLF EOU »CD24
• INCLUDE STRUCTURED MACROS
OPT NOL
LIB ASTRUCA
OPT LIS
• PROGRAM BEGINS
ORO 4C100
FALST BRA TRUEST
• VARIABLES
MATCH FOUND
LDY #BYTLST
LEAX 30.X
LDD 0, X Does it bridge two sectors?
IFTST CURBYT.EQ
DECB Adjust sector addresm
IFCC EO
DEC A
I FEND
I FEND
1FRG D.NE. SCTADR 14 not same sector as
STD SCTADR last match, print isctor
JSR PCRLF address.
LDX •SCTADR
JSR OUTADR
IFEND
LDA #'/ Print position of byte in sectc
JSR PUTCHR
DEC CURBYT
LDX eCURBYT
JSR OUTHEX
LDX eSYSFCB
* EXTERNAL LABEL. EQUATES
LC1F2 EOU SC1F2
It £i4D
NOMTCH LDY »BYTLST
JSR FMS Get neKt byte of *ii<
IFCC NE
CLRB Flag "end of file"
1FEND
UNTIL B,EO.«0
I FEND
ERROR BRA PRGEND
• BEGINNING OF BINARY SECTOR
100
ORG
»C1(2»0
LENGTH FCB 1
SCTADR FOB
CURBYT RMB 1
LSECT FCB
Lenqht of byte list
Address o-f present sector
Byte addressed in sector
Remaining lenqht of sector
• GET FILE NAME AND BYTE LIST
TRUEST LDX eSYSFCB
JSR GETFIL
IFCC CC,L If no error in name
LDY SBYTLST
'68* Micro Journal
ENDTST IFTST LSECT, NE
DEC LSECT
IFTST LSECT. EQ If and of sector
BSR BEGSCT Gd to next
JSR FMS And get first byte
IFCC NE
PULS Y
BRA ERROR
I FEND
I FEND
I FEND
RTS
100
20
05
LCI 00
BRA
LC107
102
01
LCI 02
FCB
•01
1*3
00 00
LCI 03
FCB
•00.S00
105
43
LCL03
FCB
•43
106
00
LC104
FCB
• 00
107
BE
C840
LCI 07
LDX
•SYSFCB
10A
BD
CD2D
JSR
GETFIL
J0D
102?
00 OE
L.BCS
LCIEF
111
109E
C1F2
LDY
•LC1F2
115
BD
CD42
JSR
GET HEX
118
CI
00
LC11B
CMPB
•0
HA
27
0*
BEQ
LCI 25
11C
IF
10
TFR
X.D
HE
E7
A0
ST8
0,Y*
120
BD
CD42
JSR
GETHEX
123
20
F3
BRA
LC11B
123
IF
20
LCI 23
TFR
r.D
127
e3
C1F2
SUBD
»«C1F2
12A
F7
CI 02
STB
LCI 02
12D
BD
CD24
JSR
PCAL.F
31
THE COMPLETE BUSINESS SYSTEM
^Multiuser Highly Expandable+Cost Effective
S+ THE CONCEPT
The S+ system is a modular computer system in
which all portions of the hardware and software are
designed to work together in the most efficient way
possible. An S+ single user system with floppy disk
storage is a competitive and cost effective entry level
system. Unlike most other small computers being
sold as "personal", or "small business" machines,
the S+ system may be expanded to maximum
capabilities using this same hardware and software.
You cannot end up with a DEAD END system that
cannot be expanded and whose software is not
compatible with larger machines. A basic S+ system
may be expanded to thirty-two users, a megabyte of
main memory and hundreds of megabytes of hard
disk storage by simply plugging in, or connecting the
desired upgrade equipment.
TOTAL DESIGN-Hardware and Software
The S+ system is an integrated hardware and soft-
ware design. The two complement and enhance each
other in this system. The UniFLEX® operating
system used in the S+ systems is patterned after the
Bell Laboratories UNIX® operating system, one of
the most admired and widely used operating systems
in the world. Instead of being an afterthought, the
software is part of the design of the S+ system. You
can be sure that with this approach that all parts of
the computer operate with maximum efficiency and
cost effectiveness.
THE CENTRAL PROCESSOR
The basic S+ system is configured with 256K bytes
of memory and can be expanded to more than 1
million bytes. An efficient and fast hardware
memory management system is used to allocate the
available memory among the users on a dynamic
basis. As little as 8K bytes, or the entire memory— if
needed— can be used by any individual user. This
makes it possible to run very large programs on the
system, but it also uses no more memory than
necessary for a particular job. The increase in cost
effectiveness of this system over crude and outdated
bank switching arrangements is dramatic.
32
68' Micro Journal
The central processor runs in both user and super-
visor states. It can detect and reject a defective user
program. It is impossible for a user program to go
bad and stop the entire system, as can happen quite
easily in less sophisticated systems.
Task switching is accomplished by use of a multiple
map RAM memory, with sixty-four individual task
maps. Each task can access from 4 to 64 K-bytes of
memory. Multiple tasks may be used in programs
that require more than 64K bytes of memory for
execution. When a task is completed the memory is
automatically released for other use.
SOFTWARE
The S+ operating system, UniF LEX® is a multiuser,
multitasking operating system based on the UNIX®
operating system that has been used for many years
on Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-1 1 series minicom-
puters. It is considered one of the most sophisti-
cated and "user friendly" operating systems avail-
able. Variations of UNIX® are rapidly becoming
standard on mini and larger microcomputers.
A large variety of languages are available for use
with the system. These include FORTRAN,
COBOL, BASIC, and Pascal. Word processing
packages are also available to give you full text
processing capability on the system.
Applications programs are available in large quanti-
ties in many fields. This includes general business,
medical, dental, veterinary, library and real estate
management; plus others. Since the system is
multiuser it can also be connected to cash registers
to produce a point-ofsale terminal system combined
with the computer. The possibilities for application
of this system are endless.
THE I/O SYSTEM
The S+ system is totally interrupt driven. All ter-
minal and printer I/O devices connect to an I/O bus
separate from the main bus. Up to thirty two
separate devices may be connected to the I/O bus at
any one time. If I/O activity is great enough to cause
an unacceptable slowdown in system operation, a
separate I/O processor can be installed in the
system. This plug-in option removes all I/O handling
overhead from the main processor and allows
operation of up to thirtytwo external devices at
9,600 baud. Without an integrated total design, as in
the S+ system, it would become impractical to use a
UNIX®type operating system in a situation with
heavy terminal I/O activity.
DISK STORAGE
A wide range of disk storage capacity is available for
the S+ system, from 2.5 M byte floppy disks to an
80 M-byte Winchester and many sizes between. All
disk controllers use direct memory access (DMA)
type operations to maximize data transfer and to
minimize overhead on the main processor. The
Winchester disks also use intelligent controllers
along with DMA transfers to preserve the perfor-
mance that these type devices are capable of giving.
Without this distributed intelligence the system
performance would be greatly degraded. The
UniFLEX®operating system is designed to work at
maximum efficiency with this type disk system. The
data transfer rates achieved by this combination
rival those of large minicomputers.
COMMUNICATIONS
A high speed local network communications system
is available to interconnect S+ systems. The VIA-
BUS® network will allow communication between
systems at data rates of over 400 K baud. Such a
system makes it possible to share data between
local systems in an efficient and low-cost manner,
AVAILABLE SOON
Tape backup— 20M*Byte in less than 15 minutes on
a standard V* inch cartridge.
Mini-Wini— 5 and 10 M-Byte Winchesters— 5% inch
package. Winchester performance, for smaller
systems in a small package. UniF LEX® com-
patible design.
Large Capacity-190 and 340 M Byte Winchesters,
plus SMD cartridge drives.
UniFLEX is a registered trademark of Technical Systems
Consultants. Inc.
UNIX is a registered trademark of Bell Labs.
VIA BUS is a registered trademark of Southwest Technical
Products Corporation.
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION
219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344-0241
W Micro Journal
33
130
86
01
LDA
• 1
:i32
BE
CB40
LDX
•SYSFCB
133
A7
B4
STA
0»x
1137
BD
D406
J5R
FMS
13A
26
7F
BNE
LCIBB
:i3c
106€
C1F2
LDY
#LC1F2
:140
BD
D406
JSR
FrtS
:i43
Bl
02
CnPA
«2
14*
26
0B
BNC
LCI 52
:i47
6A
BB 3B
DEC
39 t X
:i4A
17
0089
LBSR
LC1D6
:14D
BD
D406
JSR
FMS
;i3«
26
69
BNE
LCIBB
:i32
80
69 CC1S2 BSR
LCI BO
:i54
At
A4
CnPA
0.V
::56
26
53
BNE
LCIAD
:i5e
F6
C102
LOB
LCI 02
CI SB
A6
BB 22
LDA
34, X
ClSE
B7
C103
STA
LCI 03
C16I
5A
DECB
C)62
27
14
BEO
LC17B
C164
31
21
LEAY
1, Y
C166
BO
0406 LC166 J5R
FMS
C169
26
50
BNE
LCIBB
C16B
BO
50
BSR
LCI BO
C16D
A]
A0
CMPA
0,Y*
C16F
27
02
BED
LCI 73
C171
20
3A
BRA
LCIAD
C173
3A
LCI 73 DECB
Cl?4
CI
00
CUPB
«0
C176
26
EE
BNE
LCI 66
C17B
108E
C1F2 LC176 LDV
«LC1F2
C17C
30
BB IE
LEAX
30, X
C17F
EC
84
LDD
0, x
C1B1
70
C105
TST
LCI 03
C184
26
04
BNE
LCIBA
C1B6
3A
DECB
C1B7
26
01
BNE
LCIBA
C1B9
4A
DECA
CIBA
10B3
C103 LCIBA
LCI 03
C1BE
27
0C
BED
LC19C
C190
FD
C103
STD
LCI 03
C193
BD
CD24
JSff
PCRLF
C196
BE
C103
LDX
•LCI 03
C109
BD
CD4S
JSR
OUTADR
C19C
86
2F
LCI9C
LDA
**2?
C19E
BD
C01B
JSR
PUTCHR
C1A1
7A
CI A3
DEC
LC103
C1h4
BE
C105
LDX
•LCI 05
C1A7
BD
CD3C
JSR
OUT HEX
CIAA
BE
CB40
LDX
•SYSFCB
C1AD
10BE
C1F2
LCIAD
LDV
*LC1F2
C1B1
FD
D406
JSR
FMS
C1B4
27
0i
BEO
LCI 07
C1B6
SF
CLRB
OB7
CI
00
LCI 67
CrtPB
•
C1B9
26
97
BNE
LCI 32
CIBB
20
26
LC1PB
BRA
LC1E3
CIBD
7D
C106
LC1BD
TST
LCI 06
C1C0
27
13
BED
LC1DS
C1C2
7A
CI 06
DEC
LC106
C1C5
7D
C106
TST
LCl«i6
C1CB
26
0B
BNE
LC1D3
CICA
BD
0A
BSR
LC1D6
C1CC
BD
D406
JSR
FMS
C1CF
27
04
BED
LCID5
C1D1
33
20
PUL5
Y
C1D3
20
E6
BRA
LCIBB
C1D1
39
LCIDS
RTS
C1D6
BD
D4(^6
LCI Do
JSR
FMS
C1D9
BD
D406
OS*
FMS
C1DC
BD
D406
JSR
FMS
C1DF
B7
C106
STA
LCI 06
CIE2
39
RTS
C1E3
A6
01
LC1E3
LDA
l.X
C1E3
Bl
08
CMPA
• B
C1E7
27
03
BEO
LCI EC
C1E9
BD
CD3F
JSR
RPTERR
ciec
BO
D403
LC1EC
JSR
FMSCL5
C1EF
7E
CD03
LC1EF
J MP
WARMS
CI 00
SMALL/SIMPLE
EXEC-68KECB-68000
by Phil nuc 1 as
tocorol* Inc.. S«*}condvctor Produce* Sector
Executing tm> independent program* on the *e*c )\9td~
were with In-lint Cod* is difficult, tiecutlng tore
than two IS v«rv difficult. The ECBEJCC H * CO'itnol
orognn nMch greatly simplifies, this task. Up Co
Seven User progress «ey be run concurrently, but not
Simultaneously. Trie ECKXEC control* Che frqtwnct a«id
duration of execution and assures that each uier pro-
gram receives equal ti"t if desired. Provisions are
awjoe to iIIom use of Che Interrupt vectors, and to start
Or (too other uS»' proqraai.
Functional Qescr lotion:
94N.L (?X nex bytel}
Up to 1 iilir proqrfMI «iy he run.
Alio** git of 68* Autovectors p)«* any elohl other 65K vectors.
Allow user program to ho deactivated or activated with or without
delay?.
Allot* mtMa of 1 »a< execution tie* before temtrietlon.
Eailly e»rqed, linked or combined tilth ut* pro^raat.
Relocatable
ALL user procr«w operate In the USE« n*de.
fSeory of Operation:
The fir»t Job of the UfiCKCC on itart up ti syite* Initial liation. The
eiui<.ul1«« itack i\ established. All ectl«« uier pro<iraa entries In the scan
taole (it; PWPC/9), will tieve ttiftlr ttaeki Initialized. The exception »ec-
tors «111 be Initialized and Che tlsvr will he Initialled, Ho other nerd-
Mare It initialised by the e«ec
Tht EC<C now ftaq1n$ to «can the table looking for program* to exeew4t.
The table ftart address I* loaded, and the dtlav count of the first program
34
IS tested, tf tt S% r?i. tr« tAte pointer \% lncren«/iCed end the next entry
checked. If It li *|» Chi praqran UKl it fetthed from the t*h> and the
machine contents are restored. An 9.TL is thfn executed to 1u*o to the User's
proof**. Since this Is the first ti«* this prooraa hat been nm» the oroqran
counter in the table should hate been pointing to the initialization routine for
that prograa.
The initialization routine for this user prograa requests interrupt service
(if necessary) from tha exec. It alio sets up any parameters needed later m
the prograa. ana then branches to the fteln prrjqra* .
Execution continues 1r> the \titt orooraa until one of t*o things happens:
\) tn« proqrAn regucsti teralr.atlon or ?J the prograa tinier tlaes out. The
result is the seat. T*« entire rnachine state 1s saved on the User stack, and
the stacii pointer Is stored in the scan table.
The ECBEXEC then be9tns scanning for another scan table entry whose rielay la
zero. Mhen It finds an entry *iose delay is Zero. It fetches the stack pointer
Uom the scan tattle and restores the Machine state. It then executes §n RTE Co
Jump to the User's prodr**. 11 the end of table Is reached, the Executive stock
Is restored, and the table st-#rt address IS reloaded. The tCtf JtEC then begin*
scanning fras the beginning of the table.
The 91/1 ti"»r Si active durtno the entire lime the e«ec is operational.
The tinier provides level ? Inter rtipls t¥*rf ZSo ml 111 tecoodi . Tno exec routines
handle the tipnjr. The tnterrupt handier, TIKI, removes tne (nterruot and Inert*
ment* the TlC«£R Mtxt the prograa lifter. It also checks to see if tne program
titter • a. If it is, the interrupt handler begin* the process to teminate
the program. The TIClfR contains the count since TlftER was active. The second
timer routine 1s called slapl.y TlhtR. Ttlf R nin«9«s the delay counts for ail
scan table entries. TlttR is Che first entry in the scan table. It gets the
value of 1ICICH and then Clears the TICKER. It than tests each entry in the scan
tabll. Delay counts of zero or SfFFF (forever) arfc slipped, but all others er»
de< resented by the laved value of TlCCER. fach entry Is tested and/or decrement-
'68' MiCfD Journal
m wit II th* end of the table Ik reached. UtIK then requests termination wit* I
delay.
All ECSEXEC requests art handled throw oh TRAP ft. Four possible actions can
bt requtsted. The request nuatoer Is determined by 07. 9 at tflo»*> In the table
below:
&£J| Action taken
99 Terminate this routine forever.
II Terminate for delay specified
(06. V las delay count)
I? Act ivate a pro or am
{A*, i * as.l ha v # program n W and Oo.w hat dtlav count)
II Interrupt vector me Request
106.B has Interrupt vector arid A5.L hot service routine
address)
the flrit two requests will not return to the calling program, the second
two will retum to the caller upon completion. Jn all case? of TRAP PI, if tht
requested ectlon was performed* then D7.8 will contain tnat request. But If the
request mos denied for eny reason. 07. 8 will be CHARED. It Is Importent to
check this In the user proqreml
Tht flrtt three t*n be called mynie. fhw fwrch, Interrupt Service Bequest
flSR), H|6D only be called once durlnq tht Initialization portion of the user oro-
gram.
Sfnce only lb Interrupt requests art evellebte, repeated use of the 1 SR w1 1 1
result in refusal sooner or later.
Combining User Programs with the ECBE HCt
The tC«£iEC mvit be loaded into SAM. Any means of qettinC; it there it
acceptable. It does not neve to 0R6 «i $89*. but It Is suggested. It is easier
to rtetne once ell User vro<r«m% hove been added.
loed the User orograms into Ren beginning at SlflW or Just abqve or helov
the ECSClCC If It Is not et $StfJ. An assembly listing of the User programs is
RMatSlf***
Soma decision will have to be made a; to placement m the tcir, table et tMt
determines the order of execution. This problem Is left completely up to the User,
Perform a memory modify ;L on the user program #1 entry In the scan table*
If e different erne Is desired, enter It. No* modify the OeUy count. Jf the
orooram should be executed Ivedlately, enter I WW. How nodlfy the PGH counter
entry, tnter the IdQKD storting address Of trie user program el here. The ne»t
IVOR? efter PCHPC It the Program Stack location. Enter the user Stack address
here, the User Stack HOST be et least M bvtet in lenqth for each user progrem.
Repeat this process until all Uter orogramt ere entered into the seen table.
It is suq9ested that e copy or the entire prolan (EtEC«USCfO be saved
at this point.
If a different eiecutlon address Is desired, the wtio le prpqraw nay be
MiT«d to wherever the user went 4 , Note however, tnat tht address in the scan
table are ABSOLUTE end mitt be ^edified for the program to run et any other
address. The ECRCiEC itself i* comDiatetv relocatable.
The program May be sterted by executing at the first location of the
ECttiEC. Execution will continue until REltt or en unlnin allied" interrupt
occurs:.
Interrupts for which no 1SR was < ranted or which ere unused In the op-
eration of the £SCC ere wnlnltlallfod interrupts. Thase Interrupts all have
the *e«e effect on the tyttan. fh* 6* status register Is Toeded with U?p9
and (hi processor steps. If the ECOEXEC stops i.mom operation this Is usually
the cause. Place an ISE BEFORE you «*oect Interrupts to occur.
A Slmolr Ciemple:
Tvo simple User oroqrems were used In the debugging of the ECtfiEC. The
scan table of the ECKXEC And program listings appear below:
The two ei ample program Mr* alike except thet they call different in.
'68* Micro Journal
terrvpt vectors and turn each other on.
EiABinlng the first in detail we see that it has en initialization lection
which is the first part executed. Note that this tectton will be ekpeuted only
once at r»o other pan of the or oar an branches to It egeln. Initial liatlon
consists onlv of a request to use an internet vector. The vector nutter, W? t
4nt service routine address, ilOxx , ire both specified, The request is thtn
nidi to the ECftflC. A test 1s aadr upon return to see If ttie requrst we* (ranted
hut no action Is taken. After initialization, a Ioik) deli* loop Is encountered.
Execution will continue here until the loop finishes or oroqran t Ine-out occurs
(proqrem tine out occurs first t). The EC9EXEC terminates this progre* and ones
looklnq for another to activate, tt finds only one oilier, the Tl>€R proqran,
which it executes. Upon tarainatlon of Tl»«iR it is USCftPGhU's tine to run aoeln.
Execution beqlns where It left off In the delay loop. The loop finishes end
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request H wade to activate a oroorea called '
JUNK '. A look at the scan
table shows that the EC8EXEC will
revtrn an error becaute 'JUNK
' does not
e«tst. fortunately, a test Is made on 07.0 to determine If the requested action
wes taken. Since the request his refused, an etteewt to activate another proqren
occurs. This tine the r«que$t Is to ectivate "USERf QK2" with a delir of 4
(about 1 sec). Since "US£RPu*2* does eiitt . this request win be wanted how-
ever, no check is made to be certain of it. The last ,1ou of this pronrew Is to
terminate itself. It does to with a delay of forever. This wans that this
proqrea irlM never become active until another proqram requests U to E»co»e
active.
It it lean rtent to remember that the next time this program becomes active,
eiecutlon will beqln with the 1 ntt met ion f«l lowing the T*A* instruction* In
this ease that instruction. Is a branch to the wan start U'ter Initialisation).
Keeo this In eHnd when writing your own progress.
The second exa*Ple proqram Is different fro» the first only lei thet It
requests use of vector number Ul, end turns on *USERPMV. The afreet of
running thf» praqremt with the ( IIH KfC Is that they alternately KttVWtf each
35
&.*er, 4«w1 deUy aAoul I/? teCOftd hetaven «a*tut1nQ. Amy tine loeM non.ta*
•nut 1*0 tiler erODraei Is lornt tcennlm* In the ECBEJEC.
Any type or uttr proor«n my be used with the CCflEXEr. However, 4 r«y
suqq»&tio<« mi r 1 t* mO- Stav avtv fro* long dela* l°op* or oolUnq routines.
Try Interrupt driven I/O instead. Real t la* *lm my be oeherated but Mitch
tne ri«(utlon tla* of other proqram. Choo»e the order or orosrap* in the
Hole Mlth cere. Po»1tlo« In the t«bie if «ery 1«port*nt. It i| oo«»(b?e
to rtoueit use p« the two tnterrupt vector) milch the EfKXEC uiei eurin? Us
operation. Doing y> cr»h«s the ECREXEC.
Unna TUTlR with the ECKJEC;
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It tt omstolc to os* lUlOtt to dehoq user Orooreas runnlno under the
ECK UC. To do ic «ou Wi»t elite MOP* over th« OSfli to EVIfClT ind ItNTT *t
tlte oc<9ln<tinq o< ECflf *EC. V0» «u&t ther> set uo toe TRA? »1 vector -1th the
edOreo or OTSAPI. lh« ooertl too of ECU* «C end the «*rr orporem mjy then
be oMervtd »*1t^ TUTOR, note tov««er. thit tt«e »I/T 1« WOI KtWe intf ml-
tl* del*rt «I11 n»! MHrti
ECKIEC *1 ^el'one*l To help the lturfeftt or hohhjrUt KtCOtO 6fl»W
orooTins on the nKK£C6. It proyMfi the nieenery controH to illo* «nUI.
tminq or ornqratit and reil-tlnr *1«vi hrfcre e«eeiution< Although i»»nf
Etfd piKt for the ^9090, few are npftlr to use or »«m11 enouoh to Mt the
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'68' Micro Journal
37
REGULATOR
PROBLEMS
by Peter A. Stark
The power supplies In S-50 systems deliver
unregulated power to the motherboard; each board In
the system then has Its own voltage regulators which
reduce the supply voltage to the required value and
regulate It.
On some boards these regulators consist of a
discrete circuit with one or more transistors, but
In nost cases boards use three-terminal regulator
ICs such as the 7805 for +5 volts, the 7812 for + 12
voits, and the 7912 for -12 volts.
I have several times run across three-terminal
regulators which oscillate and produce strange
looking output voltages which disrupt the operation
of the board and, in some cases, the entire system.
In most cases, these oscillations can be stopped by
bypassing both the Input and the output of the
regulator with 0.1 uf capacitors, as close to the
regulator as possible. In some cases larger
capacitors may be needed, and perhaps the best
method Is to use tantalum (not electrolytic)
capacitors of 1 to 10 uf.
Most plug-In boards have such capacitors near
the regulators, but some do not. I have run across
the problem with some DSO 16K memory boards, which
have four 7805 regulators, none of which Is bypassed
on the Input. In some systems these boards will
simply not work until bypass capacitors are added.
It might therefore be a good Idea to look at
each three-terminal regulator In your system to see
whether It Is properly bypassed on both input and
output; If not, then soldering small capacitors on
the bottom of the board, right at the regulator
pins, might be an excel lent Idea.
Next time you have the motherboard taken out of
Its case, It might also be a good Idea to add a few
bypass capacitors on the bottom, between the +8-volt
unregulated line and the ground bus right next to
It, up front In the 50-pin section as well as In the
30-pln section In the rear.
If you have an extension card (which plugs In
between a board being tested and the motherboard to
bring a board up above the others so you can get to
It for testing), a few bypass capacitors on the
extender board might also be worthwhile.
BIT Bucket
word's worth
P.O Box ?W6«
PtliM. Ttum *S7J1
til 41 331 92W
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OMltlw oT vtlo 1 HUM oclo llo»ooo4 4l«trlbotar, LOftaswotlf. tc mi i
«J«r i**«w to to J«o» w*o moo 4*i«4 to *wl bio 0*00 oo too era*, otwlouoly,
tboy lotoo* »o iprooJ t&io pr©#ri«t*r* yropoo o/vw*4. I boor ibot too* **oo
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two****** tbot m bt« 00*04 rlppo* off.
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rroo tbo tbioToo* uoo, >u* ■** 00.
so foTr I ooro oetatuir loot auito 1 bit or ooaor 00 0011104 c ooooiliro.
To* wit or odfortioioc boo oopo too* him •*» too pi 000041 . loooaioiif \n &b*
»>4liolo4> «**o 1 woo trim* to oiioo *4o til «»«r tbo ilioot lut.od or Ju»l
'«•». I iyot b«po4 tbot I oo«l4 ooublUi «o*fl mm 000 «xc«*« vltb atbov
ero4»ati, porlofo ovoo • troo pubu* ffpooti Htr*«T. 4*« t os lo too pOtltloo
or bolivt plppod oft, wU)i 1 ui do miUb| kit »ty if ud oot«b ;*s «t It.
M^rbo It would*' t tkOTO rolt 00 boo If your olub tt«4a h t booa h <1*o*HI apoo *o4
6LiUn oftmt it. I boTO o^ror itoloo OAftblo* mm r«a.
bocuMilT* I io*'t or*** oartoao4, rot. Tou teo« woo vow ***. if «,
■otoo ur Ctffof**** t* r«< I tno* who r«u «r«, oloo. fa 0*00 row bovM't
4VO1004. t 000.' t 1U*« fog *iry mb. 4ut. uotn t cot tbo proof 1 ■* loovlaa
for, ro* «t^^ *• trootwo o* flirforootlj rr*o V atlor 9MOto«*ri. row wiu 4*t
tbo aoao o*o4 ow upcocoo. Tou will 401 tb* aoso owmprtf tb* om
Tbo 00I7 liffwrwtMM will bo to* VltUo curoo I prooouo** 9*«r uytblH I
Sluarol*. .
Editor^ Note: This Is no Isolated happening. Unlike
many other groups, ours has Ifi the past not been known
as software 'coplers'i However, I have from time to time
heard complaints from software vendors, of this sort of
thing happening. In one particular case a software
vendor did start legal proceedings (n a situation
somewhat like this- The case never came to court as the
group 'attempted 1 a mass recall of the copied software.
Also the guilty Individuals were known and In two cases
their employers severed their employment, due to possible
adverse publicity (they were In the computer business)*
How do I know? I was a technical consultant, hired by
the complaining company, to determine If the software
copied was actuolfy the 'real thing 1 . It was.
Since the advent of the color computer I have seen an
upswing In this sort of Illegal practice, in casual talk
to some vendors It seems that they are becoming more
alarmed about software thieves. It seems that the
expense Is sky-hlgb to prosecute such a case. However,
as has been done In other trades, a mutual cooperative
fund could be set up, by all participating software
vendors, this to cover most or all of a large part of the
cost In a few well documented Instances. A good stiff
Judgement would certainly slow down this practice. It
was noted by the attorneys In the above case that If a
club was involved, and the officers had knowledge or even
should have had knowledge, of a thing such as this going
on within the club, they also could (as well as the entire
membership) be held personally libel for any damages
awarded by court action. Now that can get pretty
expensive for even the Innocent- Being a member of most
clubs also entails a lot of responsibilities* And sure
could flatten the pocket book In a reat hurry. So If you
are a member of a club or group that steals <coples>
copyrighted software, you are In fine to have your wallet
depleted.
I constantly hear complaints about software thieves.
However, If the offended parties don't do anything, then
there Is not much can or will be done. You win just
continue to be robbed and have to smile about It. f will
do all we (68 MICRO JOURNAL) can to help stop this from
happening. But It takes more, It takes a cooperative
effort on the part of all software vendors or a very
expensive action on the part of any particular one.
Even you hardware manufactures have a role in this
also. The day has arrived that It takes more than Just
a computer and allied hardware to hold position In the
marketplace. Without good software your days are
numbered. I don't care wno you are or how long you have
been 'In the business'* If software becomes so expensive
that your customers can no longer afford It, or you
competitors can provide better and less expensive
software, ypu are In big troublelBIBMBIBIBI
68 MICRO JOURNAL is planning to host a software and
hardware manufacturers and dealers get together. Not
a club or organization, but a getting together and
trying to Iron out some of our problems. Just because
another company Is your competitor does not mean that
you do not have some of the same problems. No users or
non-commercial tyoes wll be Invited or allowed. This Is
J ust an opportunity to share coeeon thoughts and
discuss coMon problems. If you desire to participate
please let me know within the next 60 days <by July 1st)
So I think we all should realize that If we steet or
copy (little difference If we give It to someone who has
not paid for the right to use It) It will someday be
either be too expensive or no longer available.
It's up to you!
DWW
DIGITM. PtSARCM CP/K~6»t
Motorola has reached an agreement to sell the Digital
Research CP/M-68K operating system for 1t f sM68000
based EXORmacs*.
36
68 1 Micro Journal
Also we were Informed that LSI. a past advertiser In
68 MICRO JOURNAL" hes also reecned an agreement with
Digital Research to license CP/M-68K for their new 68000
board for the Standard S50 Busa The LSI Standard S50
Bus 68000 CPU card(s) with CP/M-68K will be advertised
soon. The availability of other software such as CIS
COBOL* for the 68000 will allow many popular 8 and 16 bit
microcomputer programs recompile access, bringing to
the Standerd S5u Bus a wealth of time proven
applications software.
CP/M68K Is actuelly Implemented In *C* and is shipped
with a complete C run-time package. Estimated cost Is
In the range of $350.00. It maintains file compatibility
with all Digital Research operating systems. Files from
other 8 and 16 bit microcomputers running these systems
can be transported with no conversion to 68000 based
machines running CP/M68K-
In addition to Motorola and LSI there are other
popular Standard S50 Bus manufacturers who will be
offering their up-grade to 68000 hardware packages witfi
this system standard. We will keep you informed as they
near release.
GimiX
PMtSS HEUEASi
%
**r<« ?a< tVf)
COfctfUW SrSTVtflCIHTflt
• vwr oun two.
Pl«l I*044»
Conpv'.or IvitfH i**t*r a'*>ruoto* t*» liiru.rtui of 9Tll£»4r| for
CtlASNAPl. a* ix.» »mi t**:;.». allo**a triM «(tn.ikirliir iMriUll
*"», * h " „*ZTl ia Z. fl{t *»*'*»»r« a.ataa. *» .,9: tic. t > *,;*». uaor
t>tOrot*c*, Ct"A5Ntl( a»»b a.]»" ••(>, irtir L« <•«/• *.*o ai» w lt*a«Olta J«»|
7m initial rolaaa* ar PT&JWM l» tar 3VTf< 3/C4 tMMUri. ovt
• O*"** »*t Ob .1 »?aO t« •••»!»):« fW MHir popular *l1«T<|«-»»Mri l||l«N.
»*** mh ^CLI* oOO S2«!f A oiilo** 41 <7ia of ft4«J -i:i 6* rt4ulr*4 in j;j
•>ii>«tkp» .>-«•-.**. o,» ;i i»a F«r ▼•en ar:*K» *•»*: tftya « 7)|l| i^KOI
I .tic. f£« a ftrOVntf.ta^ lectio* ce* r * t ip •» tW ti ,,iral a . or
irotao.ofl;? H*'*. ic» up ^au* l»<alr a :a. AdO»ti*«at oaa>er/ •■
>rtaO to »W*a, li;tp4trf a* ari<*« hire wart.
6T|*JK*H rH»! ft » e>,» it l»o for Oacft «f:»K» lata: t*ua « rH* aFatoa
••m.I .tic.
fo-"|/o
AsoPort
EYMla**!' • Bu'tl*! •■*}*( f»«t*r« MJ (>« Ul*l «.«1 On aii|lo-.iaor
ayaiaaa *or tiMtll. oSplla Pa t^lT, »»v tar lut arethor til* Or iimIm
t jirtcia'* Or |cu ■ilm «,»<,. ua an Ilea I 1 ! t «•»• »aao a won while ■ .art
i* lb rrairoiot
CT^A-ShAaC •!•■» ProviOa 10*. r«j n |i tanofjis thai ylll c« | r f*tly
•P* r «"»* »» '-t* *|tr». .«r.ve,r| ;yp^-»hf*j, ooaoafia Mm idlthf, ,*a
init.lV rfl60«*» l; ♦•iCaPO*,.
Ct«AJ»4*C i» *ot tftta»Caa ar eti«f,tltlo* I* UMfVI*. It data not
4f»tr« bf ** tm teaaa of flit. «<v« aorj not offrr Paaanorb pralaciJa* Of
o',r>.r iktnti -f a rm:.»,awa toitl^iir i>*l*«. Kt.at ^TWtAHtll ,i «a a a
li ft»« FLIJl wain * Uri-eQtt v*v 14 a*. tuttLU oofs***'* ia j (uUuiiiir,
• u^ti.t jaa.»i4 aavfrnr.nl.
ClKll TO UTH00(JCI nit Cil Ml 6«0» SYSTEM
■ I \CC Boo i A *P79-l€/a
Cl«lt »•* r,Hf Ml 44c* BftMtM r«tti4r*l Tn# ae» onx Ul C^ bvaril,
OJ-b Cm Ul •»l«l*MH#i *vltt*t4t«(iit opfniLnc ■f*S**4 *"« inivlnttnt
WO pra«**a*r tjaara). Th* CPL ovarii [«iiui*i bi|,n-«p«rg «ior) to wwff
D«4 irob»r*n »aa] ivIWUIIt taok *«|tcfeia]| on iiitfrr<pti »m op*rajtla|
oyttcai £41 It for cuft«r a>4!«« cttrauvap^t, and a Tieir-of -O^jr clock. • . ' -
bailor? |>ac4up. to pravvot oyaio* craaora ciua«d by •ttor» io
ladivldual vaara proaraao, mo ayatvai bab folly proia>eial ua*r atodra
nil t)l«|al Inotruclioa «ad ov»l of rabt# aMf«ory rt/trtact trjic;ptn| and
triii proi*ciio« 4
Td* irtL** btrflairo al»> itcludoi 35*1 b»to« of otitic HAH, a *rm
•>ia (ubfarnaccodJ S.Jl 1 " aaoebbator t>ar<l di«4, a lu ayio {*r> tor** \ cad )
*.J>" floppy dlaa. aad J I3~?]2C t/O porta. Pto«r to provided by a
coaat4at.*oM4|t, lor ro-ro-ao^attt aupplr >nn itiflitlvoi roborvi capacllf
to aupport a fully oataoetod oyaiaa. Htrdaira option* Include wrxorr
oapaaaloa to 1 oogabyiOi aon-valatilo baicary. backup HAW. idditianal
■ aaa atariB* rrapartiy, ted I/O porta for additional tat'biiaalo and
tlva UKlt^llH* Q5w» oporoc itvi aroiooj lacluiloa tria doougsor. adttnr aad
aaaorablor. 4vti1abJa toft oar* lfidudot 6*3TC0», PASCAL. COfJOL aad C
Too tut priea for a 5 uftr ayatoo io 19.999.S9- Oollvarr n froaj
acoca la 34 cloyo A. 1.0. (\Pbrt aiodala »r* avaUabla.
tnr fjrThrr nnoraatl^n eoaucf Hi -hira Dos at <113l »27-*5lO
Ctxlt inn a\ »r* irt4tp.*r«« of OlwlX Inc. OnrUo. ti . ©5.9 and
f«tv;crto iru ir i'«..ru or ^icrao^ro *> %i***4 Co.-o. Ovo «oiam. la
•"LI* ani * ,»Lfl trp i-Ma*a'.» af Toimital tyatma Coatkltiat*. Jaa
tfHt:»at[ ia « traaoai^a «r Caa^utar Irftoat CaaLar.
-r
r a* • 4«»a>riavf«>a
B | Ml> ^» i
f 4 b tamyiai Io »l«*aart to a««aui tbo r»atIa»mo af tk« 1BC-1,
a dial caattalla* cavd la? tM taiai C«aajot, Tt j^ *pa*i «aa
lovolofa* ««4»4 in« toota paio«d vltt* a*»r avctaaar^l «01«1 «aW )0X»1
dlat caettoll.T bearaa (ar »bO S>0 boa.
Tot lbC-1 «i*a. olthar I'll or 171) trot fWf etOaa aM to* aav JHCV21M
dato a«P4tator. T»l» b»tf (■ laoa aapanatwa taaz. popular chip aat
aofar«[«ta aauT lo all Aittial. Tha vrtta pra^aajb cirrvtt oa ikt XSOl
la oloo a}l 4i(ltal ae a* Voard jdjuotooak* ara r*Ctt| T ad.
Tfca >oa t" la tha aaaa a la a a* Iba Kodla lba*4 <ootr allot mt>4 la
eoapiaiolt ioaP*llblo »iU it wKac tKa to£lo tbo^t Dial Epiaa^ad lo a t«
roa la »a*4. Tha aoori atraPta altnor o 74 dt IE pto > aw „ tfKM.
D-ac«1a faoa 17 1 a thru 7717* can fro t»aad itviot froa 7k t» 14k a/ oa
\o*?4 aata«rr.
Ha aro a"avoloPi*«- a aofti^rv yackota to allow moalap IXZf altaaol
tha aaad for tataadad aaatc aad bin aatanda^ »*aH. f\XT« artll ho
hoolad ualiva <*T T4»l»6-c aonjtar. 7>a n>01 (a (M?illMi viah lha
9Uy* caovoTatana daval«Pa« hr othara wtion rasato* ulty 5"«t Tjranoatf
laolc,
Prica af f-DC-1 la t*l.» *lv4 IS ahlpplKt 'Saiaf Had- TNo prlco
Soclttdaa hara Word, aooaaofiaol taa aochaka, aa4 K?:iU chip, tfa
cwriaatly haoa owollohlo ac«aa»orlaa tvcfc a4 a plaatlr caao for tba
hootd. nCl'tl aaairollar chlj.a. 1 Moa Ut*nd«d aaolc hOK, aad of
cotiraa PA9UCX. lao put oda Ivr artcini.
bo oapatt IO ho ahlo Co opt**** for aaoaahl^ of \*m Voortf far pavala
or>a do 04H foal auolifioa to ••••*!.* a hoard of ahia tr»o.
»a*td I. Voaha. Praaldaat
P 1 | *#♦*♦.
|>}0 U+t i*ad
Ha» PlovaoCh. <u 4*4*4
old !»1 S7»
■FLI1 li a iraaofeoit of tocNUcol ttaiaao C*o av ;i«jita, lac.
CO» hClTZEror^db
■U»t. ftOUTC |
LYOrdJ,
I w lqi>i<. rem m p*:cot**TiHC *»oonw chith TEyrnu
STOHftCf- > IN TO^-OdJ t>TE.Ht*t, b#V- K Ft* Th* CtVC* COfdHjICP.
IF VtU U*>1 tHRi 1 COULD CWTAIM SuC« ft PIFOUlPPi IT UOUlO 9C
catflTLv nFnuciMTCi> jp you could nr nt j« on t«c htcntr.
oom'$ rrttro
DON Uf iratHKHHP
OhHEH 0* PON'S /"HOTO
68' Micro Journal
39
i would uka • > y**r *jtJK:rl|H<0» to tha it UiCftO JOURNAL e«hoci« t*cto»o<H,
I «i«o w+nt tm cotwolrinvnt yaw 0*1 the Quality Of Jho, ufinri r«v«>t. After*
<#*d,n<j the r*X4«W of !*»■ OynlMll iuittrtftltr (I*,) .»» Oqt>« MM! »<•*• OOO)
I <w\«tly OoudjrM • «opy. It op**atod 4ft advd^titad and »»>e axuiw nl«o« »at
Ct/pwrO V> nr»i uta nit i*i eaodirywtg i«* FlCXOt Cicttog «/*) copy utit*** fro
rJitpioy the Me crHt«A utit ««m 10 PrtM*** the» during d«»K U«n*r*r. Ohth
a oped diMttMDUr iK» tot) «■■ t^tvHi.
The builitifl board, c«!lid SIT BUCKET r it
located in Portland. Ortion . It currently ru«i on
*» homeouilt 680? |/it«oi undir FLEX. The irttea
it writtin in T5C XfiASlC* which h«i been modified
CO handle ioat of the r ecul t er i ti •• of re«aote uii.
Tht t«ttee> runt with 3 ShuMrt S 1/4" S33D dn*et»
And a Cuitoi built tiictronic dit* dri.t.
frit* i Wilesn
:UI [M«n $♦., API J
Con Itotd, C** «J#J?
0e»ar ro*.
rhonko #<y Owbl i eru nq «y article;. a F)o>x Baaaxi
Flaxityla Print &vate>ai*. 7h# Mrtt na*»e I hid tnat vokt naa
pooliohed It in tht ^rch i aaua *aa a taleonont coll *ra« a
-•adar #rdn Georgia *r»o call ad to t«U aoout how ho> coulo
adapt tha lam in tha article? to hit cooputtr. It n
•atie'ving to bm lOlt tO halo io««0nf laprOvt tr.air- FL£x
ov*tae>.
BUT. trt«ro> | V # proOlo* -»tth tr.a article? a«
p*"inte?d. your p«ita-up O«rion le>#t out t -»c llnot. Thejy er •
tne> lmti at **.Z3C to VA23F in SETP»IN1\CrlO. Tha *i«aina
!»/>•« erej
A23C »6 *1 09
A23F 39
ATS
1 *OUld 'PprtCUtt It l# /OW ■OClld 0riftC this
correction in tho howt available ia«va o* *68* mcro.
For tr»a rtcdrtfi thim irror **aa found lirit by
waylay Kot'ett o* S«iV«tcMy«n, Canada*
ilncar#1 v.
ran net, r* Ora^lef
The Purpose of the t»ttem ti to iirvt at a
l«n«r«l Pu/roie bulletin board. CumntU) uttrl
nay read ano leaae ■timii on the iritia, Alto
a*ailao1e art intormtioA filet lothe* 6S i>ititir
FLEX and OS- * notea. etc.i. Planned
i a* rovtatn t 1/ addition % art ont -*» rriviti Mail
(from Srttem Orirator to a uiirl. i<«tio Heir
fjJtt. and poiiiblf a oo^nlotdablt ttt of FLEX
utility ano othtr Protrant.
Tht i/itftffl runt 24 hourt a dar* with
in t »r ru* t ion t occmionil U for toftwart uriradti*
backu*** and othtr r>* in ta inanct. Tnt iiitio
officially ttarttd ortratine on Januarr t» l>8}.
and hat batn vtr/ luccmful to i *r * In a tnaot
Ovtr 2 ton tht of o*»tr«tion« thtrt i,*** ottn o*tr
2100 (illiri. with *.uttt a ftw froat outtidt tht
1 oca 1 d ta li n t arta.
Tht t/tttat *hont number t a <503) 7*1-6345.
Data ratt it 300 baud on 1 > . Uitri art tncourattd
to laava cooainti or tuittttiont at to
inrro vt Mtn t t • cai*liiflti. etc. conctrninm tht
iMttt. Thttt •otiaaot ^oulo bt tddrtsstd to
p Sttttai Operator* to itturi tr>at I ttt thtt.
1 hopt to h ta r f ram
Journal reader*!
a lot of '68 Micro
"^ct- B^ w*e \\£
Gimix
re tuf«ntM't*i"iJkci * c*iic*do iii.«o<t*
PPUf ILLIlSX
titfevriftie
Hick fientene
1825 N.E. lidth
Portland* Oreton
>?;3^
CtUlI IMHrtxcas l»f l*** HI M4» CfV eoa^O aod 0*-e 9*t III. TS* m« CA» toJ-« li
m MfaKM Mtlto. aP«^ir»vally intM0«4 r«r n|| wilt «vilti^t«r, «<tll-ttttiM
oP*ratlat iyti***. OS.o W ill 1» a« *»•»«- r*s 0*-a Lj«i) Xl lk b ^ it^rt tull a«««4it«A*
or U«« r»l lift* of l*t> <*•« CfU ^»rt. Tha P<icv for th« COaOtnotlae of Ch» bctft iisd
tortvift u KiM.Oi
tvill •» ■ NUl.lt?*r U1 tleavtt beard and wlllltlnt M|h.*7«««. M.|hi^!an.tlly
lalle. trw Ol III 6lC9 CPU OoaCd anf-tfic** l^« ■'f«ra««.ei af t*tt 2 HNt t,JtW fry
6-o*ldlot 1^ roW'ti a* hit*~IP*«d ' I b>M'«Lc*>«S*eo*4 ) 0K> block lra*tf*M (nm
or bai^tOn »*«»rV »f»d NO 4«>((ii <i4*eH at \h* Oil IrtflllLltol
3 a»r| St'ial I«ttrf«c»} tad td*t<««*d m^motl r.trt*t*t<" »lth 71 »««atnti tnt •• 4 j M ^t
■ lXri»vt«l. Ika *at«-« ■ulo«tt1ca:iy arfrl trlctt W* **ft»<\i1oa muim ti* a* *»**■ Mi
tna ttiaoval a** d*«lc«t Ow> at dl »-• «««i^ll»ri. Tht ^ aa aa* y Mfwrrut ttU< a»r B
if riot tat ttwri Ittato. Tha a«c«a^l ttlritulaa alia* t»»a lrt9tie< of awt^r^tioa
■asB-y #«farta*at (10 ar«to«t •*»• uw*<% or ttttt'a wf*»*j tnm Mint act*l»01 0/
taaUMr). «^na ev^t^tloe cU Kot»«t iMrit:« Jala «f«a pn'* 1 * rraa aaaiftcatioa
*ailcn aawlO Ifroat tN ««tl-8 ayaU#1, a«4 • lMr{,in tlo«la 4l«p fxnctlo* f»f H ri'iri
Htu||l«| <a* a laaividuil tnar tatii ciinooi arrocll«»i tlMf wttrt or la»«a|.
H»t beard a«4„«*ilt tiw aiacutlea af eariJim. Illtltl 1 n • ^#VCt « aa k Troai cptanin| tht
aytttv 01 aanltorlnf l*t*ri- W btl 10 Ina OfOO 0*4 It' ra»pqnt# to thtO ith«»«
|ntlriMtltr<» ttw.t« tM 4W» 10 :.■"•■ *P It * ftt-ata in which It data hot «-tlfroad I* inr
t A lt»^ u ftit aod own ba r«ML). If tha a*>«<»tlar dot* <v9l r#ip ■■»■■• t# ait tfitarrMOt
altAl" a d*a«iria t\a* ( l^l ala<. tftltal \Aa beard »tttt* tht 0*01 l«ui«^ dtvlcaa ea
tha Out *•>• not rttot> a«td atltrtt a ••*« I bt rttat «t«tar. Tha ilitH caa than *1*m
do«« V>a orraadtnl t*** ano <-a*w«w weraal s »*f»tiM <«thdr a#ll*f tatkt in «at
tfracladl. Ifclt aito llfelio IM laadth of Dm tMt l^trrrvati can r«*«in ***„•* tj •
«it«o. orovtOtlna «iifi froa •••»,M tha tyitaa tram tatk *-ll*ht e « aad t*.>*lcl*d othtr
To rurtbar Pretoct tha tyotao fr«a> tht wtan, tha CW board? tuBpertJ: «*Partt« iiar
tad trttoa ■ttll*t a *»W tk»toa»i|a tw1Vc«U«< to tht trtlao atala In niK«M to
intarrufrlt bad tyttto fSMIl «al)t. Caitbtn fu&cttan* Old oaaor# irtat can only bt
tccttMd la tha arot«a tttlt, prartAllnj, vntwlheri xaQ t«caa»«a.
Hoc loclwaad on tha now C*V or* •«. l«ro.i< tuil ftMKtloa t^aa^r^ty alboi
(NClt6|i|) aith yatr and outooollt till yaar/daylj<h| tdtflntl tiot ctrrtcllM. KH I 9
MrOtthPOd tto; %otr> wttJt bdtttr? bOtiMt tt«nd«rd. to P'atkde P'aattlta) tlalnf
r^tatioA*. a id IQ PT* wlW d ••»'«♦ 460 ■»* b^tclttoa I.OCT^t* UN a*«a (.Hltlner
It luflvtH. f*a odelllalor it tvtily y**+ r«plactab;a to a*a v jd* •*■*+* tlo* Oita
ri»MM n ctti l TVS (Hi ooa.l. Tho aiA«lt [riT* kocaat witl actaal ?!* at *r at t**^*,
with • u*ia«* Of U ap a pad lata l*t t/ttao aad^tat tbdfd *t •"! on* t.oa. laflwtrt
■ wltBM>»a It loolaajoatod »P *al*etln ft tha «P^r a* la*»»* httf if M V EfJICV «adtr
Xfrrdwora «# OoflMl^C COOtrol.
»y taklao td v tn*<* af tht faalwrat af U«« Qtf 111 CPU. OJ-9 CWx lit tt rattar, M r«
owoor) *rn«lant, and ■ aa«-a ■•♦**, oy)t I ->»i"*J1t t.ltttt n l ba+rtl.ri a/ttao tian CB-9
OI II. fr** wM«h it |a darlitd. whllt r«tti«i^| eooplttt toft^ara «oat a t ;>u ity ,
throu|haut It tnhanc** by tha ooovry le aooor/ pn* *na tht ivtvitlLC ttih mtthla.|,
whllt Iht nooort frttt-lbvlat a*d I lUitl L^if^tiofl ftaptni pr s it<t tn* ifttao and
ladLvlfwOL Wtarb F>«*. |«« othtr, » fl rooL« l)Un *i<^ll .a •*** Or* w-IU prolfitid
t« OrarOpI \aoa*r|*a- Haawy oaoplna t« ?■ wpwiti and l*a oOHtty to ) B ot oa*vit B m
o*n-a*oti(wOat lia a^aaiM V f tfricltai an wa n f wtJlMtttan. (och tatt »aa to
•llocttad o fwll t-t or ibf. nl* ao oparttl^f lyttr^ ornrna^d la In* talti adir Sa *
tpact. Fwtwa alant fv OS-4 Onx III laaluda a* oP^toaal hara^trt *i»Jl* »ttr*1fti
Sa%«ditr.
Paul Bureqd
1 Pleasant Bay
Uinalpeg, Manitoba
Canada R2k 0C9
Dear Don:
Enclosed find a modem program which I wrote for fLEX 9, 1
am using this program to give «y 6809 access to BBS's and
time sharing systems. J am using the modem board from Data
Systems 66. which 1 think 1s just super. The board construction
Is of high quality, solder masked & sflk screened, and It
went together easily and worked first tine, with the help of
a friend (J. Gary Mills), ( out together the following circuit
for auto-answer:
WS3
opt* 150 k+o
NOTE: this circuit Is not FCC approved.
Use at yn.jr ow n dl section.
This program can also be used with any modem which Is connected
to a serial port. The equates at the beginning of the program
can be changed to allow for a different port address, as well as
tfte ACIA Initialization codes. 1*e ternlnal I/O is handled
from FLEX, so any termtnal wh1c* works with FLEX will work.
Dear flr. Milliea*.
t as orittni thit letter to
existence of a nt« o8G9 bated
iritie on the wett Coatt* and alto
yoti on a fine ma»aiine'
announce the
bulletin board
to compliment
When the program Is called up, 1t asks for a file name to store
the data. One must be given even if there Is no wish to Store
the session. The user can then dial up another computer and all
tr>e session will be saved 1n meflory. ]f the user does not wish
to save it on disk, then tne linefeed code will delete It and
return to fLEX. Otherwise, the back -quote will cause the tarmory
buffer to be saved on disk. Both of these characters ^rt
40
'66* Micro Journal
charitable In the equates. You *U1 then be requested to enter
another file nane to continue. Hitting just a carriage return
Kill return you to FLEX. Once the session 1s saved on disk, it
nay be listed out or printed.
Sincerely,
(^Ji^Sr^^
Paul BureQa
opt **o
a
• VMi praar *m alio** a W\±m • uaar to dial up
• a ••• <«illbp«r«J or tiaaahan'"* a%ata* •no
• dOMrtlMd HtH« Ion ««itm; of tha lil M
• «•* M n«tl|«|rv to alJaifata v^«Mf«ttd tvat
• at the beoinnina. •"<» tna ar»o oi tha download.
*
• th^t prporaa Mill *i*at Prwt »or a Mia naaa
• Altar a rttponct, It Mill op«n that **\m
a for ^ittn*. II t*an -h 1 1 *er>o •
• carriaga riii/n out tivu tna port
a mot to tha aratad ttrai<i«H.
a It than procaada to tr«n»t«r data bataaw n t^a
« port end tha lifaim), Any data coamg *roo
a tna port >• lavad m •■■ a ry.
a Upon tyding bao>arO ovata, all tha contango
• o* aador r hiU taa dunpad to tha f|)*.
• I * * LF EltOO 'e*d> I* t-tiad, tha praqru
a tiltt and nana o# tha dil« ia w t tt a< out to tha lila
■ — altar «««- 1 1 1 ivg tha fll», tha uMf it
a praaptad lor another Mid htia. which *a
a agat gj va. to ant tha prOQria q i va a
a !<!■ called, than after It ia OPanad.
« typa a inHHaed to dalata at.
a
• lahan tha — POT v bwlfar aaeoaa* «ull. a
• control I la output to tha a ruts ■ pari
■ to cauad tha rPOOta caasutar to atpp
a aandlnd data. I* irow dial-MP caawta-
a «ahl<h h*a tha control m. To raatart
a tha incoming data «*oa tha raaota
• COiaovtar. a apaca aa tant Out. I« a
• dl Mara*>t charaetar Puit ba «a>t,
• Chdnga that aa -pall.
"OC
K1W
rou
•r-iee
addraaa o« — iaa AC (A
» T»
acrao*
■au
AC! AS*
►1
©MO
HCKOT
itvi Ovriar cna*atta
DOOM
LIHMFD
cau
•OH
proor aa t. it character
OOOdj
MtaMP
cau
•on
am init valtia.
' data b a. ossr* baritv
4a a«
alo «or ■ data, not parity
'or
iti>i«t bv I* irtSiiad e* a*
• 13.
COOS
tWaWVJ
sou
•COOS
CPJ3
trrtir
cau
•cow
COlC
nnHi
10U
•COlC
rr:s
PUTBMI
cou
•CO IB
CCTO
PBTrOTht)
eou
•era
DdOo
7*0
ECU
•OdOd
awo
nt>TEdS)
tou
acojr
CD70
■WTF1L
COU
♦coto
CMC
OTAT
rou
SCOSC
coo*
ino
COU
•CDoO
rajTCfl fOU a
• OutPvt a charaetar to tha
01** S4
r^fc
CHI
UM
•ClaOM
chvca atatua lire* to
Ola? SO
oa
01 Td
•3
a * ri#4y to •end arvot'
01 •• 77
fa
•CO
Cut
loop until raa4v
014* 59
07
PtA.1
A
"laD 07
F7I0
1TA
AC1A0A
O170 SB
•1ST
•T«
f»ar char
oin o*oo n»u
ipr incoaino charaetar*
ot7i »• r?cc
0174 «ta Ol
oira 77 re
0170 to F7CJ1
O170 04 7T
0170 01 O*
OITF JT O?
oioi »r 40
0103 » C0IO
oi«* iojc to ooaa
0108 27 01
oioo ?•
ottx m od lya*
OlM *V OQ OC40
••7F •«<
caicn atatua
<ur |ncoMln« CDjraitar
• • na),, thai lti»f
ottwrnta. «a>t that c^a
ol« Parity bit
Cr**« #«oji don't Uva liha«a«d«
■CO laHiT
OTA ,»♦ otharuit#. n«* it in ■
Jftd ruTOdt and OutOut to tha taran
C7B»V PB£MMAlC.FCt Chpci, to aaa »♦ ***r
LOI
LCAi
• Tl
fBITB^dl^r'Ot adjuat m i*>d to pra»a
3.X baang callad again
••*•**••*•••*
**+•+++••»•
•••m9»»m+»^mw++ +
a
Owtdut control tO
mtop lrvcooaiinQ data
0l«O ••
13
a
LM
**n
control $
OL«* OO
4 If
000
OUT CO
ouput control
ul-C 00
Ml
too
0#«00
cKici #or ai«v raaaining en
OlBC OO
10
ooo
DtPVJUV
ouav tha dutlar
Oino 04
70
LM
*B20
rr-atart Ouaping «*|th Mic
0ld2 OO
CO
B.,h
OUTCJt
01A4 lOdC
oo
OlOi
L D*
OTdJtf.
^t*»
run bu* 'ar point ar
Old* !•
nil
duap bu«lar to di«a
LOd
■a
clow tha lila
OTA
. T
J Ort
*»«
tall #lar tO 04
OlM lOda* 00 OOTd
0100 JO OO 0O2B
OICI Si OO 01*3
OlC9 •* OO
OIC OO OdOO
OlC* 1034) FFTtl
OICC lOdC 00 0O13
0103 2b ro
O109 3B
OlM •* bC 7* d3
0IC5 Od
010*
OICO
OlC* rco
0S2d OTdAT
rCO.FOt point to *Xa>
STAdJT.POt gat at art o« tant tK4««#r
,•- anO Qp*t Char
ga va charaetar to rVEl
POJOJR ml il mrrer
T£>B7.PUI »n<i cortlPui till
OLOCB*! bu««ar pw«tv
an tar l|lariaad»:y
oioo
01 oo
04
OS
0103
• 7
rTtx
OlOS
hA
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9>
rTtc
OlM
Bf
CC70
0100
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01 II
M
00 0003
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00 oooo
on*
00
con
one
00
ceio
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M
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OO
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77
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so
OD OOOO
OI31 OO
OlSd Ob
Q13* d7
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oi3o m
0130 31
01«1 M
01«7 OO
0143 00
OlO 00
Ol«B 70
0141 OB
01«C 7C
OHO «IOO
IDA «3 ««CT PC Id
OTA ACldOd
LDA OACIAtF at acia attrib^tab
■TA AClde* and »Pt UP icia
i Pi h*TBEM0 oat taat aaaay location
U[Al -»?W.< laava aoaa tr+m *pmi
■ Tl fOTraV;t ( PCr« •!»■ vn* a* bultar lecattan
« B«t a lila nix
LDA
IMJUFF
acoeo
BAVO
C033
OS
Of
OD OICB
COST
COOS
LlAI FCO.d
LDA
ltd
OfTUBA COtl
■ chach tar am
0191 00
coot
OlM 37
1ft
013b 00
eoot
OlO* 01
•O
0130 27
*P
OI3D Bl
OA
• ; -* 7*
OS
oiat 7t
COOS
P*"<^Pt ay«ta* tarainal
• or f i la naaa
Oo gat thd Charaetar*
gat Hr»t char o* Una bu^'or
chacki a« cvr
• ■It a I ao
paint to Ola control block
and Oat tnat lata n*mm
a*it a I mrrar
•at f I la *Or .TXT
Ops* «or _»it+
and i at CLCS opdn #iia
a. it i« mrror
iTdJrt.FTJH point to atari O* aaaaaoa b»**a
••OO prtht out a carriaoa raturh
0VTI3B
CXTTlOt chacb tar irvaJ «or irput
chaei, aKBkaa 4ar input
continua 4^-mvmr
taftJOV* mr>€t tha «tt
a
il «or input
•TdT chaca ta**alndl atatua
ml do •othing if no- input
IhtX fo Pdt tKOt character
dBdOrOT chachr if ajpacial Charactorp
OCaat i# bo, vmwm dona
B* lh«TO LT BfeMBJ OUtt
OUTCN
m\ m IB ftCTUAM TO FLCl
I0OIK0) DCTCCrtO
ot^RNSTEhN
TER
TANTSd*tY 3 LTTj
913 TULftAOii CcMTA^
MAMSSTAiJCOM a>vt«UE
C4»t T3*XA<
•OU BOOClBJldi
T*t ^i *o»a
*68' Micro Journal
I think pvt com acrOBB a potantiai probl«B> wich 6809 Flaa
vriich a)dy M of intdrooc to your roddord.
Tho procjla* will only dtldo if
I* You irt running a SVTF OAT, a ON* diak controller, pod Bxtandod
oddroMin?/.
**- your oooory doti not all roBido in paov U.o. thv top 4 bit*
of tha 10 bit addraaa ara not 0). o.g. »ay 32K in p»9« and
J2K in pa^a 1.
Under tha above circunatanco*. it your fCs buffar i« across a p*9«
boundary you will kavo a problaa.
Tha raason is that although tha processor board docs its addressing
through tha OAT, tho OHA controller doea not. This Hans that if
the high order 4 bite should change during tho DMA process, they will
not in fact change.
Tho easy lolution ib to aafce *ur« that your FCS buffer does not crooi
a paqa boundory.
41
Normally tha problem *ould cooa up where 2 tor more* 32K eieocry boards
are in a eye tea and each has ■ full coaplement at chips.
By che way. the flex user guide specifically states that the FCfi can
rieids at any address. But 1 think it was written prior to tin 20
bit address availability.
Yours faithfully
KJVIT
Pa 3.
ROB BTPMSTBIK
LDT #RTK
LDA ,1+
STA ,X*
CHPY IRTNEMD
BLE rCVIT
JHP ICD03
CET START OF ROUTINE
GET A 6TTZ OP ROUTINE
CO WAR* START
KND STAPT
David 8 Lepointe
IU9 H. Euaveit
Ban Antonio, TtKat 7B201
<3121 732-6876
January 4»19B3
jeac Oon
^itther to my letter of 14 February 1983, I've had confirmation
from Mr vanada at TSC that the problem exiata.
lie solution le not too difficult, it requirea a patch to the
disk drivers so that they do I/O thru a buffer srea, and transfer
ihe buffsr from the program's disk I/O area*
xttached please find a copy of a little program which does tha
•ifeove.
ftspUE#i
Over Don,
Wall, I havi bean a subscriber to 6H-*ticro Journal <or
nearly two yeers and I haven't ever written you to tell you what
a great magazine it is that you publish. It really is.
I have recently moved to San Antonio* Tex ea, and I have bean
hitting all o4 the bulletin boards trying to find other 68XX
users with who* to exchange useful facts and fun. Do you know of
any groups In the San Antonio area? Just out of curiosity 1
called SWTPc and they were nice enough to show ee around the
place, etc, but really didn't fcnow o4 any way to put ae in touch
**i th people. They suggested that I write to your magazine.
Perhapa a classified would do it?
t-
(V.
-»B BERW8TSIN
UAH ¥1110
ORG 10000
IT*
EQQ •
rtDCALL
FSKS X
SAVE X FOR LATER
LEAX RTR,PCR
SETUP DMA ADDRESS AREA
LEAX -256,1
GET DMA ADDRESS
iDJW
JSR trTPP
CO DO ACTBAL READ
POLS Z
CET ADDRESS OF CALLER'S KEHORT
PSflS I,T,0,D,CC
! SAVE 'EM ALL
LDT #126
LENGTH OP MOVE
LEAD RTK,PCR
SETUP Z*A ADDRESS AREA
LEAD -256, Q
OET OKA ADDRESS
3HD?
LOD ,U~
GET 2 SITES
STD ,X**-
PUT THEM TJf CALLER'S SECTOR AREA
L8AT -1,1
DSC U
BIB OMDV
POLS i,r,u,D,cc
rPC
Ml CALL
PfflS 1,1, D,D
SAVE THE REGS
LEAQ HTR.PCi
SETUP DMA ADDBESS AREA
LEAD -256,0
GET DMA ADDRESS
LDT #126
LENGTH OP A SECTOR, 2 AT A TIME
»rWD¥
LDD ,1-m.
WHERE IT COKES FROM
STD ,C*»
VXERE IT GOES TO
LEAT -1,T
DSC COUNTER
bee m»y
ARE sE ALL DOKE?
PULS X,1f,D,U
RESTORE THE REC8
PSKS X
LEAX RTW.PCR
SETUP DMA ADDRESS Ap£A
LEAX -256 <X
OET DMA AOORESS
WtJHP
JSR IPPPP
CALL ACTDAL WRITE
PDLS I, PC
RESTORE X A RETURR
BTWUlD
SQC «
BULB
EQQ BmEMD^RTI
STA1T
LDZ ICC2B
KEMDRT END
LEAX -WWL»,I
ROOTIES SI2B
LEAX -256, X
MAEE ROOM POS DMA
ITS I,D
POT X IETO D
CLRB
MAZE MDD0LO 256
m d,x
pot d urro x
LEAX -1.X
GST END OF FEES MEM ADDBESS
5TI ICC2B
SET REV EID OP MBMORT ADDRESS
LUX 1,1
SET I TO DMA AREA
LEAZ 296.X
GET R0DTI1E START ADDRESS AREA
PSL3 X
SAVE X
LDD eDWl
OET BEAD TECTOR ADDRESS
STD RDJMP+1
STT CALL BEAD ADDRESS
LEAD IDCALL.X
ADDRESS USEES RDCALL WILL RES IDS
STD IDflOl
REST TECTOR ADDRESS
LDD tDEOe
GET WRITE VECTOR ADDRESS
STD s*UHP>1
SET CALL WRITE ADDRESS
LEAO VRCAU.,1
ADDRESS WHERE WBCALL WILL RESIDE
STD ADE04
RESET VECTOB ADDRESS
Recently, I have moved to the Ban Antonio area and I would lies) to
get in touch with people in the mrrnm who enjoy recreational as
well as serious programming. D. Lapolnte* 1119 H. Summit* San
Antonio, TX 7B201, <3t2> 752-6H76 (voice!.
*7 CellingMoofl Noad
MITmA*, Et«e*
cne 202
England
Sth P«Dr u ary, 1963
Kara la t*e J Sfest In m-r aooj ♦ irat i ana to tha TfliT len.-> . l*w
si'UDo *ntcr> I t>«a la tne (■■ttttt vflitr. moVitfD te *eea&t *LE»
co«Mi|ftot ■■ ditcriOtd long •B° * n yovr ex Valiant journal • Or* o« tna
prqi>;#*» utocittto wltK oiine tna 1 me-Orientad aditor, ia ' e^ODSr I ng
le jr«*<*t c«rri«g» fft^m ^mb« tvj>ir»g in lest •<•© ita o< ta-t, T»si a
■ •char o* COda mo<ll<t»« t'n Editor by lAii'tmd * c* rr tiit nlurn it
Olaca o' * al>aca. onCv a orm^tmfniir-mC Itria )ar»gtn ha* baar nicn«0
J»i orctar to (vDi j owar-rorcnlrv^ IM input Df'^a*'. t^» •iniMi* ) i i\a
la*9tS hi» Oaan aat to 110 CMrtctft. «M(h al |o*«a tha Itit word o*
tKa Una te tie 2a Jattart lor,g. **»icrt 1 tMrib la Jikalv to tia
■ .Hiciint <or all no-iil PurPolti. Moufvfr, it can ■•■il r 6« «at te
ao»» othtr valua at iiiiuMv ti<«e.
1/ oaad Hitli tna "DC co**arvO to k*«a Put* ♦ro* -Itlm th» ESltOr.
t^an o*e anjy a,i te *n\.mr
mbz Bcr^ftuTDeoi""
to inter tna *yto*#tu modi. In tMi cm, tha oricjini] cooa <B8R
SuFLini c»n om BivH aa LJN-OUT0. &)*. ae tnat tha Original 4V m can Da
'■a»t<vafl.
It ahaulo bi notao tnat trie rov>tina cannet [>■ a>ada «a a
tuvetitm*, aa tha ratvirn point n not to tna csam 'cllo^int tna
Original JSA. Alae tM original Su^tlrt aub'Ovtlna i»w*l t>* Drni'vril,
a« it la uaeo ml *mm*mrm. Normal ta^ainfction o* a line b> ant«r»rioj a
C«>-r,, e t retwirfi* ti'art alr»i«u« 1 ina langth t* raarhao] la net
*< * mix ma, +r>9 all tna uiuil aditing lacilitiaa mr m ritiimd. Wham
walng dt ai varatona 1 thmi. \t mil Da >iKinir> to ditch, and aa.a
tr* antira £tlT.C«iO. and o* cevrar tnara «ill Oa di ' * arancaa in
IwitiOM, e.g. INB€^ .ay ba at ■CD43. ana ftuTFtP at SOCSS.
for anro'^a «r»o «ritit a lot o4 ti>t uair,g tni*a particular iflito*
1 think that thia aOOUUitler «d«U ba -all -ortn * «eia*ant »ng.
yours sincaralt
■ auto-
:nsc*t
fON TSC
SPJTOft «
i fcftirre* er
W.A, nVGMES i
MAM
4UTOED1T
oo aa
sua PCs
ECU
SOOtt
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40S7S
use eus-LiH)
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too
so tat
(jam jnCmaA}
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tou
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ifiTAA 0. *>
laoo
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•'JegT a^iE fiaacE
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017*
oars
riRstii
0i7* TI
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eg
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j*ip
tinit
1400
am©
mpc
1*00 oa
LIMIT
IN*
•ohf po:*nr»
iaoi ec
•M
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ce*
oi*rg*.
^iNcix Line TiatfiiKaree
sad* 3C
99
SOI
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ISO* TE
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AB
SETUS.N
Jmf
iNica^
LI hi LENOTH
IfcO* ■!
20
OVER
cur*
•2
t>«a»«l£ B94CE TO ON
laOB 2*
F*
8*;
"ETiJH*
laoo oa
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LDM
SOD
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taor o*
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)*10 ft
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END
J«BCR?
nO tWMIH OCTECTED
BUMPER OOBS
iNseas o«76 iNses^ oa7s
OVER 150* RETURN laO*
6lO60B7a7EiaoO£4
8liil*000eSC0;ra2CC37C0969e»20rePasaOt>oa99
42
INS*>3
NINLlN
'68' Micro Journal
Introl corp. «"
««Mar>ir • » ■
compari*; itti *ho** tflll fHt i>c *vr tmi ?moc
The latter free) toJfcart Patrc* in lha 'abr v er> m«i '*kj.J^»
!**<••* th« reader with the »»r, ».*r«fc«r »•(* iM'0" t^t ln.tr*l*C
*A th« 0«*J9 '■"■«>>•■ 4 peer Ih.rd e~ th* tf#ta|lK t -«f| «>*,«
b*nch«*r4 ♦#. coejpeneen te WHitea*. ih'» C v th* I'-O *^d U*n ■ £
pn the &*£*?$>
The fe«:t of the eetter $■ that He, Pure* fa* led to not*
he *ee Ctf»r»r^. . performance fi«i>reB o^tomed on • 1 »|h i rSCU.
• 4 *hi 2*0. s«d « 10 Ihg 6*000. IMe >s not e valid or fe.r
coWtrniA s<*c«> »n tirvi of aaiorr cvdi t <**«, • 1 MIm o*00
rs such eore neerlv •«w<v«l«nt te the 4 **>* *»0 end 10 «h« DSO00
Hum the Cvrrtr.t r«le«ts of lntr©l-C, »fcich <a • b< t »<m «
efF«c*em then the original version brought out • veer O9o< and
rnnn»n« The invi on s 2 MKg 6S09* the co»»4roti»i perforeence
ie sort eccuretely oiveo brt
Un.» C tin the 10 «hi oS*K>C----»---» 0.3 eecende
Introl-C on the 2 MKi 6W« ...».«.. 10,0 second*
Whitesmith's C oft Che 4 MKr 2*0 -***. 1 5 . 5 ttcondt
These ion repreeentetive pirft^Mnct figure*, of CDur»«,
put en «nt>r*l> diFfersnt pinptctivt on things Chen w«s euaqceted
► ■■> th B figures alter, in Mr. (>i«rc«'t letter. For one, \* the
*«bil erene, Introl-C on theOSO? QMkte handily outper Forms
Khitoeoith'e C on the Z§fl. *«co"d(>. U*i* C on tr,e 6*vVO Is net
• s dre«et»cell? eyperior to Intro* -C o* ch* 0$P9 et ont »*<*ht
r««eon«bl> expect. tKen the feet thai ts« e^OPO'e lt-b»i
architecture g»«ee it e decided id»*m<ut aver the '-bit «$CQ.
the p^^o is en eaceHont processor. Let's Oi*« it iha
credit «t deeerirea*
P7f?-3 REVIEW
NCOS COMPATIBLE PARALLEL/ SER I AL INTERFACE
My company recently purchased the Concurrent
Technologist Corp. PTB-3 KCOS compatible
Parallel/Serial Printer Interface Board.
Periapt a brief historic background of
Concurrent Techologiea would be helpful
before we delve into the technical aspects of
the hoard .
While a professor st Greenville Technical
College, Bob Ehlers saw a need for a digital
voltmeter. Working part time and consulting
with local engineers, he built a prototype
meter; however, it waa never marketed because
these same engineers were looking for someone
to market a daisy wheel printer control board
baaed on the Motorola 6602 MPU. Several other
boards followed in quick succession and today
Concurrent Technologies supports Bob and six
other employees. What about the meter? Well,
maybe someday . . .
Thia experience led Bob to addreas that
nagging problem those of us that use tbe
Motorola EXQRciior® development ayatem or
systems designed with the Motorola Micro
Module board face! and that ia how to use an
inexpensive, off the ahelf, serial printer
when Motorola software supports only a
parallel printer? Until now, memory overlays
and/or software patches have been the
atandard approsch to obtaining a hard copy
output. The PTR-3 board answers the need for
a a imp I e so 1 u t ion .
The board provides many pleaaant surprises.
It comes solder maaked front and back, allk
screened with component identification, and
gold plated edge connectors. Thia is pretty
much atandard for a pr o f ea a i ona I 1 y produced
board, but to find every IC residing in a
socket ia most unusual and quite welcome.
Those of us who troubleshoot and repair
boards find that it may end up costing 100
times (or more) tbe 24 cent cost of the
defective IC that is soldered to tbe board.
It is infinitely more economical to test and
replace a socketed IC. The interface to the
printer ia through card edge connectors and
ribbon cables. Again, standard; however you
still have to find the right connectors and
ribbon cable, right? rong! Packaged with the
board are two cables. This means that all you
have to do is configure the hoard and provide
the desired printer. So much for the board
cosmetics - lets get on to the layout.
There are three main aectiona on the board.
These are the bus interface section, the
Centronics type par a lie J interface section,
and the US-Z32-C/20 mA current loop serial
sect ion .
The bus interface section consists of address
comparators. and data and control bus
buffers. The board is shipped configured for
hex address SEClO. Thia is the standard KOOS
printer location. The user may easily change
the address of the board by cutting copper
runs on the foil aide of the board and
replacing them with header jumper blocks
wired for the desired addreaa.
The parallel connection is for a standard
Centronics interface. To use this interface
aimply configure the jumper selectable
options sa described in the documentation and
connect the interface cable supplied and
you're ready to go.
The serial section of the board is interfaced
through a ribbon cable (also supplied)
terminated with a 2 5 pin female
D- aubmi n i a tur e connector. This ia the
standsrd RS-232-C connection. There are eight
standard baud rates provided, from 110 to
9600. At the higher baud rates, serial
devices require handshake protocols to
properly handle data which is coming in
faster than the device can accept it. For
this handshake function, two different
protocols are provided by the interface.
There is the hardware handshake which is the
CTS line into the board. This line must be at
an RS-232-C low level if the interface is to
send characters to the printer. There is also
a circuit to support the DC1/DC3 (XON/XOFF)
protocol. If the printer being used does not
support either of these protocols, the baud
rate must be set low enough for tbe printer
to completely handle each character before
another character is sent down the line. The
serial interface can also provide a 20 mA
current loop port when proper connections are
msde with the on board jumpers. In thia mode,
handshaking ia done with the DC1/DC3 protocol
only.
Additional jumpers are provide to select the
computer bus interface signals. Jl selects
VMA, VUA, or VXA from the EXQRciaor bus. J2
selects IRQ, MK1 , or the 6809 F1RO to be
generated. J3 is the memory page enable line
for uae in a non-standard system
conf i gur a t i on .
LED's are provided to show the status of the
CTS line or the state of XON/XOFF if that
mode of handshaking is used. This LED is not
W Micro Journal
43
uaed in the parallel mode. The other two
LED't show th* state of the tranamit and
receive data linea. Theae LED'a are not uaed
in the parallel mode.
Several limitations become apparent in uaing
the PTR~3 board. Firat, if you try to uae it
with a DEC LA 120 , the CTS line signal from
the DEC writer ii inverted from the aenae
needed by the PTR-J board. You muat correct
the line by uaing a unity gain op -amp circuit
or other meana to do the «ame thing. Bob
tella me that thla will be corrected on
future veralona of the board by providing an
inverter on the board ond a jumper to select
the correct atate for CTS.
The other problem involves an Epaon printer.
The aymptom is that only every other
character la printed. What ia happening ta
that the Epaon printer ia deaigned aa a
•ingle buffer receive line. Normally, most
printers are double buffered. What all thia
meana ia that one character ia being aent
while the laat transmiaaion ia in the receive
buffer. To solve thla problem you must cut
the trace on the foil aide of t h«- board
connected to pin 24 of the UART and connect
it to pin 11 .
tn auamary, the board ia well designed and
reliable. It is warranted for 6 months and ia
aold aaaembled and teated for $349 or aa a
bare board for $64.
Al I en K . Thomaa
Union Carbide Corporation
P.O Bo* 5928
Creenvi lie, SC 29606
LAST MONTH
we raised the price of Quality.
THIS MONTH
we tower the price of Admission.
Our HUMBUG"* Is unquestionably the best
monitor around, but not everyone wonts to pay
the S75 it takes to get the very best. So
for those of you who will settle FOR SECOND
BEST (and still be head and shoulders above
anyone else's *BUG), we Introduce
MICR06UG-
M1CR0BUCT Is the guts of HUMBUCT crammed into
Just one tiny little ROM. It will work with
anyone's CPU board and give you features the
others only dream about. It cost just $30,
and Includes a hefty manual with the source
listing. Come Join the club* M1CR0BUG" Isn't
as good as HUMBUG", but It's better than
anything else. And that's no Buncombe.
Star-Kits
P.O. BOX 209
Mt. Klsco, NY 10549
** QUALITY SOFTWARE ICEDED *•
Standard S50 Bus and Color Ca^uter
For the past few months we at the 0ATA-00*f* Division of Computer Publishing, Inc. (CPf), the parent company of 68
MICRO JOURNAL, have debated expanding into the software distribution business. Many other magazfnr- have been doing
so for years- Presently there ore many fine examples of software that has been developed by YOU our aders, that will
never see the 'light of day' unless someone, with enough exposure and willingness to continually advertise, runs with the
ball.
Software is the 'backbone' for the real utilization of any computer, ours ere no exceptions! Realizing that there will
be some conflicts, with other advertisers, this has been no simple decision. However, since day one the foremost
concern of 68 MICRO JOURNAL has been It's readers! Therefore, DATA-C0MP DWFsfon will accept, for appraisal, software
that runs on 6809 systems, games, utility or applications programs.
In the past there has been too much software offered that was not quite ready, nearly, but not quite. We will strive
to eliminate that element. But right up front we tell you only that we will do our very best, nothing more. Also we will
strive to keep cost to a bare minimum, while securing for the author a fair return, In royally payments, promptly paid.
Of course we will expect, no - demand, that the author keep the product free of errors (bugs), and maintain It on a
prompt and business like basis. Also we shall require that authors be willing to furnish 'source' for those programs
that Justify, by price and utility, Inclusion of same. The lack of source code, property commented, Is a continual
complaint we hear. Not all programs will be sold with source, but where necessary, we will Insist that it be Included.
In some Instances the progrom may be smatl or short and not Justify Itself as a 'single' sale product. In this event
It will be combined with other like programs, and offered as a package. In that event the royalties will be split between
the various authors.
If you have software that you feel will qualify under this program please contact the proper person as shown below.
Standard S50 Bus
Don Williams
Bob Nay
Color Computer
Tom Williams
Bob Nay
Remember, If your software has any problems or •funnies' - G€T IT STRAIGHT BEFORE YOU CONTACT USIMt Also get your
source code in proper shape and well commented. There Is too much 99* code already drifting around.
DATA-CO^, PCB 794, Htxcn* TN 37343
A Division of CPI
<615) 842-4601
68' Micro Journal
ERRATA
to
MC14M0Gf2
ADVANCE INFORMATION DATA $Hi£T
lAD^BTSI
in ****>g «w Bvr* uwaa a naaoad too**rm v* tatt-cnac* giogranv
vwtntwn** ^ <p*a <waOiab*m < wi#ia PA) ip*7) and not PAOIP»0 Tns
p »w» w» ««m«v mo** it in* «i«ia am* aao»am oi *•
Mtiaaadaft MM trV"«** 0m« Shaat th» MMffl M7111 hn AMO
nmatd *ftd tp4c« F«n 10 1 wo* p d «■ e*u mn
Th» CAflngs tff*ttB oniy fttOW uwng adgfr md n
Tha Otarg* vwfl nd «T»*ct tftn ap*rt««n q1 th* u*ar-a
aim ix> ttwnH unuii
Bruce Cox
2287 Granae Hall Road
Dayton, Ohio 4543?
Hi,
I need some HELP. Does anyone still run CP/68? I em
trTng to find someone to correspond with. I am running
a 6800 with SSB and FLEX and I want to get up on CP/68.
i am keyino In alt the code from the books, buf if someone
has already done this It will save me a tot of time.
Is anyone submitting 6800 articles anymore?
■#
J. m
—
......
J]
m
FA-
®
wicduiTiPufi ***«• n»M mni »a*
Editor's Note: Sorry Bruce but we get practically
nothing for the 6800 these days* Have not had anything
for the CP/68 system submitted In over 3 years- The
6809 and soon the 68000 are the popular CPUs now. We
would still run some tape and 6800 for you folks but just
don't get It. Sorry.
DMW
SJrt, Do r$u him it anyon* <mfr.ni or H pl«nnii^ to rnaha
mtT dl&k Contrpllar tor rh« fNS-tfOCJ
Wttt « aajor lhva»toant h\ 6* DSOO fUMt er\y**. M lt'% a
Va*a to riavw lo j>o»a anotfiar Inrotlatfnt In *" drlvat,
**p*clah) *l»h raducad C«*McllV.*>.<t| have «»«r 1
• «9*by»» of kyitaa. »Ottaar« on tfrlv* 0. and Mrep
appllCatfcww toftaaro on ONLY dHvtt I.) I muU use 9"
dlili o«vfy for ao»p«t«bllli p occaaa.
TnanM, t/John Mlar«to
P*£» Stylograph ll QWEATIII fha bait l H ** ia*nlt
John, rafaranca poor card o< ma 1*1. I do not %,*&* ot
anv $ m controTJar lor iha color aoap«ttar, at tho
praiant tlaav I naor ruwor* of a controller, for rha
coco, thar ■III nandta bo** 9 and A inch diitt, bv*t oorMng
ROM*
It ifcotild not 6a> too hard td Intarfaca tha 8* dflk to
tha prasant ooard, fe^T. tha ROm would n««o crvaiWlna*
Ho*awr« allti *> *ra<:» drlva>« you can gat right at ^BOd
FLIDI ^actOf^ to • dl*k*
1>NW - - -
CLASSIFIED
ADVERTISING
Need good Engineer or Technician for 6809/68000
petrochemical projects In well established company,
In Los Angeles. MDJAVE SCADA SYSTEMS 7100 Hayvenhurst
Ave., Van Nuys, CA 91406 (213) 902-1611.
SWTPC: 1-MP-8M2 8K Static Memory Board S50; 1-NF-32S
Universal Static Memory Board (never used & Unpopulated)
S85.00; 1-W-S Serial Board S25.00; 1-NF-P2 Parallel 2
Port board (never used) $85.00; 1 -Per com CIS-30f Tape
interface $35 (never used); 1-Glmlx Static Memory Board
32K supports extended addressing fully populated $225 +
Craig Cafes, 805-962-9163 Days or 682-3597 Eves. 17 E.
Carrfllo Street. Suite #39, Santa Barbara, CA 9310f .
HELP
Thomas Mason
2402 Audubon Road
Akron, OH 44320
HELP 68 Micro Journal
I am looking for a 6800 source listing for a terminal
program that will let me transfer files from memory to my
mod and from my modem to memory.
I have a Percom SBC/02 without mass storage that I use
as an enhanced electric typewrltei not really word
processing. So far, i just run my terminal straight Into
the modem for communications. I'd rather keep my micro
on-line. Percom, as you know, has non-standard port
assignments.
and WRITE to a FLEX* diskette, 5 or 8 Jnch,
with 0-F.
0-F Is a new and unique program, written In
BASIC09™ that performs the following
functions, and comes complete with source.
I . REFORMAT: This module formats a disk
that can be read by both 0S9" and FLEX*.
Eight or five inch selectable.
2. FLEX.BAS: This program does the
actual read or write function to the special
0-F disk. Also It has the disk format and D1R
(0S9) commands. All selectable from a user-
friendly menu. All selections are Interactive
and complete I ncludlng all necessary prompts
to the operator.
3. BFLEX.BAS: This program allows binary
programs to be exchanged, as FlEX.BAS above.
4 . DIR: This module (menu selected) allows
the disk directory to be printed to the
screen, whMe In BASIC09.
FLEX users can read, write and use the
special disk as any other FLEX disk, provided
the FLEX directory Is not allowed to continue
beyond track zero (too many flies).
$79.95
DATA-COMP
P.O. Bok 794 HIXSON* TN 37343
1-615-042-4601
'68' Micro Journal
45
Business Software for the 64K
COLOR COMPUTER %f^M
Data Base Manager
Part I.
Part II
Single Entry General Ledger
Church Contribution System
Balanced Billing System
$99.00
$99.00
$95.00
$99.00
$99.00
Integrated
Business Software*
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable
General Ledger
Inventory 2
Payroll
$295.00
$295.00
$295,00
$295.00
$295.00
64K memory upgrade, including installation
ask about our Co for Computer add-ons
$125.00
UNIVERSAL
"ATA
RESEARCH^
|NC.
All Programs Require Flex and Extended Disk BASIC
•requires two disk drives
2457 Wehrle Drive, C-68, Buffalo, NY 14221
Phone (716)631-3011
Dialer Inquires Welcome • Call or Write for Free Catalogue
MAG Tape Drive/Controller for SS-50 Bus
IBM-Compatible
Can't decide? If your tape drive question is "to buy or not to buy. " your one answer is SOFTWARE CONSULTANTS.
We've got a super IBM-compatible tape drive controller from the leading manufacturer... and you can buy one
directly from us, or, well be your service bureau and do your dumping/transferring for you. Lit her way, you'll get
a great deal.
GREAT HARDWARE
Useful
■ Allows two way data
transfer to and from your
system to the big minis
and mainframes.
■ Software drivers run
under OS9 Levels I and II
■ Mag tape device that's
usable for hard disk
backup under OS9 and
as 45 MB of sequential
access mass storage.
Powerful
■ Usable with any SS-50
bus computer.
■ Reads 8r writes Industry
standard 1600 bpi phase
encoded tape.
■ Controller card features
onboard microcomputer
with 8K buffer, Phone
■ Standard drive is Cipher
Mlcrostreamer. Others
can also be used.
GREAT SERVICE
Fast
■ Normally in and out
within a week.
* Quick turnaround service
(I day) for rush Jobs.
Reasonable
■ Our low rates will
surprise you. Call and
find out,
■ For dealers too. Let us
get you out of a jam.
Basic system price $6800.
us with your problem and we'll get down to business.
C
J
OFTWARE
ONBULTAWTB
6435 Summer Avenue • Memphis, J7Y * 38134 • 9011377-3503
46
'68' Micro ,k>umal
OS/9, FLEX, COLOR FLEX, UNIFLEX Software*
SUPER SLEUTH DISASSEMBLER S99-FLEX S100-UNIFLEX S101-OS/9
6600 1 2 3 S&9 6602 programs enafjang, me user to anafyt, mearfy tnd Aal#rOe l*tw lefteia) otnect oodt. win «*M to
Tha program
Z-80/8080/5 SUPER SLEUTH DISASSEMBLER S99-FLEX S100-UNIFLEX $101 -OS/9
T*i vernon Of SUPER SLEUTH procette* Z 10 B0S0 5 Obfeci code M ihe 6800 i 9
CROSS-ASSEMBLERS each $50 3/$100-FLEX each $60 5/$120-UNIFLEX each $55 3/$110-OS/9
TT**e progm/na and meoTBi enatea (ha user to provs 6800 i 6805. 6502. Z-80, 8080 5 pngrerB m o^pnal (cyme) The TSC rneoo a**an**» « n**«n*fl tor Fl£x UNIFLEX
and tha OSM a aa arufcax * regunaJ lor 05 »
6805 and 6502 DEBUGGING SIMULATORS each S75-FLEX S80-UNIFLEX S100-OS/9
The** proo»anw enatta the user to •nera£t"*y enafyze, mooty, e/*J detug (14)6805 and 660? e&iecf coda
6502-TO-6809 XLATOR SYSTEM S75-FLEX S80-UNIFLEX S85-OS/9
Thii program enac*e* the user to Uamlato 6502 a*aerr*j«er aoda <rtto 6809 aaeenfce* coda, noang meted axtvemeot
6800-6809 & 6809 PIC XLATORS both S50-FLEX S60-UNIFLEX S75-OS/9
TfWM programs enable ihe uter to iranaiite B800 i a&iemDje* programs to 6809 mnvmo^ca and to con*** 6809 program* to poM«on .ffdapBrarfBm c o0« and data. ub#>q PC. &
U, X and V as basa regaieta
UNIFLEX SIMULATOR FOR FLEX S100-FLEX S110-UNIFLEX
Trn» pfogram coaNes me user to dedug UNIFLEX assembler programs u**»g ihe TSC DEBUG and other faciilie* ol FLEX
OS/9 SIMULATOR FOR FLEX S101-FLEX
This program arables Ihe user to debug OS 9 essemblir pogrom) using Ihe TSC DEBUG and other 1ac4rt«a ol FLEX
FULL SCREEN FORMS DISPLAY (6809 X-BASIC) S50-FLEX S75-UNIFLEX
These program* enaMn the user ro deine end geoeraie letUe-dr^ven Tul^ecreen dtsptay and dat* entry programs
FULL SCREEN MAILING LIST (6809 X-BASIC) S100-FLEX S110-UNIFLEX
These programs enaMe the user to dekne and mamtam mailing ^ratorwnteo data oases
FULL SCREEN INVENTORY/MRP (6809 X-BASIC) S100-FLEX $150 UNIFLEX
These programs enatte the user to de*me and m**tan mventooes and *0ude ruararcival materia* rvQuremert ptonrxtg
TABULA RASA SPREADSHEET (6809 X-BASIC) S100-FLEX $200 UNIFLEX
These programs enable the use* to generate and mart**? tabuar •ompuiator* schema*, prowtog a s^vta use* snarlac* and sophisfacatad repoH-gerwaoon. scmar to
DESKTOP PLAN jTM Desktop ComjM«ngj
TSC BASIC/XPC UTILITY PROGRAMS all $25-FLEX S50-UNIFLEX
These programs enable die «ser «o resegu«f*x« or cross rerwwc* amj Base program and gene*aie IPC Beac son programs
Prpgt erne *i source on do* apscrty a»z%. side*, dwwriy. type, ovrv^jfer S
Dateeed owned manuals prov^ted vMfh aa products
For vtSA and MASTER CARD grvi account. «»P data. P«nne US kinds °"* — add 5% 1 1o% toretgni tor *r*ppe^
Open Purchase Orders tor D and B rated dents onry Caa or wr*e tor catalog and deatet mfonruton
* trademark Technical Systems Consular** and Mcrmv e
Computer Systems Consultant*, inc.
1454 Latta Lane. Conyers. GA 30207
Telephone Number 404-483-1717/4570
A COLOR (DfVRK TERMINAL DRIVER
TERM Is a new and long needed terminal driver
for those cofor computer users who have developed
stinging, red and watering eyeballs! TERM allows
you to switch from the CoCo keyboard and TV
monitor to a reel CRT video terminal.
Think what that means! No more 32 or even 51
characters per ir no, that are so blurred that you
must guess as to what sorfie characters actually
are. No more squinting or cussing. Sounds
great? Well TERM gets you away from all That*
TERM Is called from the CoCo as any other
program* You then type the 'RETURN 1 key on the
CRT video terminal keyboard and TERM configures
the CRT video terminal to the proper baua rate
and you are free of squinting and guessing! To
return to the CoCo keyboard (God forbfdJ, you
simply type In the command EXTERM from the CRT
video terminal keyboard, and you are back where
you started from, squints and ail*
TERM functions from Oata-Comp FLEX directly
and requires only a standard CRT video terminal
(any el cheapo will do) or a deluxe terminal, either
works Just fine. The terminal is connected to
the serial port of the CoCo by a standard cable
and connectors. TERM does NOT function In Radio
Shoe mode (must be FLEX).
If you want the luxury of 80 characters by 24
lines, or more, depending on the CRT video
terminal used, then TERM Ts a must! To order call
or write:
ONLY 119*95
DATA-C0MP Division, CPI
5900 Cassandra Smith
Hlxson, Tenn 37343
(615) 842-4601
FREE with purchase of F-Mate
W Wfti
Small-C
ONLY $ 25
PUBLIC DOMAIN SKALL-C 6409 $25.00
PDS-C09 available orUy in Plea forme, three S" or ooe 6"
diek. All eourcea. binariea, mod documentation on tbe
diakal Add 55 cor bardcopy ol simial.
MLddle-C 2.02 atill only
$99,00. Middle-C alio available
for DOS69D.
fcCmKirCES FOR TDK
PROFESSIONAL
P&OGCAMKEA
v/Any diak
feooka only
Tba C Profraaviaf Language
$13.00
$17.00
Software Toola
15.00
17.00
C Mocea
17.00
19.00
A Pertable Coaipilar for C
10.00
12.00
Tb« C Pun la Book
11.00
13.00
Specify diak aiie. Pricea good until Juae lac. Overaeaa,
plaaae add $3.00 per order • $1.30 per book lor air sail.
Add $1 bandliag for Vita/rfC. io COD or porcbaae ordara,
no excapcioDa. Texaa reaideete: aalea tax ia $0.Z5/di«.k.
51 od booka. Late it cuatoser iofo bulletin included eitb
aoy order (or aeod 8ASE). Flex<t»> and DoSe9(t») beloag
co TSC aod SSS, reap.
word*s worth
P.O. 8ox 28954
Dal la i, Texas 76226
1214)321 9285
'68' Micro Journal
47
All C Compilers
are Not Created
Equal !
.> *■!
We didn't cut any corners
when we created lntrol-C/6809,
and the benefits you get
really show.
Introl-C/6609 generates object code that Is
typically only half the size and executes twice
as fast as code produced by any other 6809C
compiler on the market!
We did an equally better job in other ways
too, lntrol-C/6609 supports full C, works
reliably, is a pleasure to use, and has been
"the compiler of choice" among discrimi-
nating programmers since ft came on the
market more than a year ago.
Available for:
OS9* ($375), FLEX" ($375), UniFLEX** ($425).
One-year maintenance, $100.
Trademarks: ♦Mkroware lr>c •■Technical Systems Consultant*
CORPORATION
647 W, Virginia St. Milwaukee, WI 53204
(414) 276-2937
THINKING ABOUT
SOFTWARE ?
THEN SEND FOR OUR
LATEST DATA SHEET
AND PRICES
LUCIDATA SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
Lucidata Pascal
Version 3.1 <UniFLEX')
Version 3.9 <FLEX9")
Version 3.2 <FLEX2'}
from
<5") (8"}
$300
$190 $205
$150 $165
$250
Pascal ROM Package (including license)
Software Utilities INCLUDE. XREF and PROFILER
plus media charge
COPYCAT copying utilities (CP/M to FLEX etc.)
TEKPAK Tektronix Compatible graphics package
Prices include Airmail Postage anywhere. VISA and MasterCard
accepted. (EEC countries should ask for Sterling price list.)
"FLEX *nd UniFlEX § r« twfemutt o< T«chfMCJ< Sytt«mi Ovumhar**
$ 25 each
$ 15 $ 25
$ 50 $ 65
$100 $115
luciddhd
LUCIDATA LTD. P.O. Box 128
CAMBRIDGE CB2 5E2 ENGLAND
TELEPHONE (0223) 841906
SPELLB
THE ULTIMATE SPELLING CHECKER
CONTAINS 142,000 WORDS IN MAIN DICTIONARY
AND 14.000 WORDS IN COMMON WORD LIST
FAST - CHECKS OVER 1700 WORDS PER MINUTE
PRINT - WILL LIST SUSPECT WORDS ON PRINTER
HELP ~ COMMAND IS AVAILABLE TO DISPLAY SIMILAR
WORDS SPELLED PROPERLY
COMMAND TO PUT WORDS INTO PERSONAL WORD LIST
- COMMAND TO ELIMINATE WORD FROM SUSPECT LIST
COMMAND TO FLAG WORDS FOR LATER CORRECTION
REPLACE - COMMAND TO CHANGE ALL OCCURRENCES OF
MISSPELLED WORD TO CORRECT SPELLING
- OPTION TO REVIEW THE SUSPECT WORD LIST
COMMAND TO VIEW WORD IN CONTEXT DURING THE
UPDATE OPERATION (WITH OPTION TO CHANGE)
- WORD LISTS CAN BE CREATED FOR SPECiAL
APPLICATIONS (MEDICAL, LEGAL. ETC)
- WILL CORRECT THE TEXT FILE AND RENAME
THE ORIGINAL FILE TO .BAK
OPERATES UNDER FLEX9. 40K MEMORY REQUIRED
ADD -
DELETE
MARK -
REVIEW
VIEW -
SPECIAL
UPDATE
SPELLB - INTRODUCTORY PRICE $125.00
MUSIC BOARD $75.00
*T0 BASIC PROORAMS. SIMULATIONS AND PICTURES
SEND SASE FOR LIST
SPECIFY 5" OR *' DISKS CHECK OR MONEY ORDER
FLA RES ADD 3\ SALES TAX
PALM BEACH SOFTWARE
3640 LANTANA ROAD 906 967-9*60
LANTANA, FL 99462
'66* Micro Journal
'68* Micro Journal
ENGINEERSrTECHNICIANS
THE MICRO 68000
IS DESIGNED FOR YOU!
COMPLETE, READY-TOGO SYSTEM INCLUDES:
D (Tamp switching power supply D Keyboard
□ Display- Hex & Binary □ Pete Bug keyboard
monitor □ Optional Macs Bug CRT monitor □ At-
tractive cabinet a Dual RS232 interface D 32 bit
parallel I/O □ Versabus compatibility □ The only
system that provides for direct entry of 68000
machine code.
For Information call (619) 566-3911
Computer System Associates
7562 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121
csn
fr RUTO - COMM
For
6809
FLEX
The 'modem'
program that
automates
time sharing
communications.
FEATURES:
1 ] Send text file from personal computer disk to
remote mainframe computer
2] Save incomina text to disk file [venfys
acceptance of XON/XOFF cont ols)
3) Slow transmission mode based on character
verify for systems which require speed below
baud rate
4] Eight software selectable UART nodes: 8 bit, 7 bit
5) Self adapts to amount of memory m your computer.
5} Runs m as little as 1 2K bytes or up to 65K bytes
7) Reads and writes fifes of phone numbers to be
dialed.
8) Makes any modem a smart modem
Call Or Write For Further Information
Priced at $75 VMAJUASTEPCARD ACCEPTED
SPECIAL
HOBBYIST
PRICE
$39.95
5'OISK ONLY
18 PAGE MANUAL ONLY S3,95
SORRY, NOC.O.D.S
5712 EAST PPWDfO ST. • SCDTTSDALE. AZ, 85254
FOR INFORMATION CALL (102) IflVIIS?
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Or CO***** pirtfod Check* ™n\
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3 «*0-<Jbi ocjng <y acctKr**
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fcimmahj VXmoH
Acootnrs Aoyobie I'dode
$299
GENERAL LEDGER
CASH JOURNAL
Ihe gene*^ <*>gt»f .iir>e center 0*
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* input dofo •Mar* eaiy to toiK?w
tor mat
; Ul» for mail. CO^DOnr
cra&s*"Q wifftouT moo.<i»o
NOn
General lec^y r-code
$399
ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE
v* , Accoxnu OMwaOto can be
tooc«eO »«*h o mi/vrv#n or *i«ne
nteifa t&t ufc^g tne»e feaKxe*
1 OvQ\A» nsoc n C) o*fc»< o*\3
creoi m«#r»o± tgd ox* portal
ooynsnti
2 ft ogi *&}"-* Oiling one
3 Aomg Qt De«ooft >PKir«d &y
frwuw
4 Mom <i>t«ome>i enieted o*
5 SjQie^^nfi oie gvwo^o
^sring .rvdivici^a <ovo«cev axj
c%e*aue Ott^j^j loraMO by og«ng
co*og»v
« TolO» t»iterociior> «►•« \Dm
gtenvcit UKlge* wiir» K?# sMiopmgi
aoo now o«(^yi*M comooted
>«pc»a>ev orxj ncnleo «o v<x<ou»
detour**
Accounrs f?eceivoCfe
$299
INVENTORY
Ino Sfl8CiO"r 6J«c'ronici
JniprOCtive Accounling $vn«m
ir v«n)cJV Con'rO' «0CkC»ge cronde*
iHe ic»ii tot ctmtpie^o cor*o< a* o
Oiq«? flno active inventory
f>eoar>i <or quQrV**e5 on tat*)
OAO>» J 1«OJ <ri OiO» csciiv,* ond
T ncFty crft\«X Ct7krgP»K»
7 ComeWC itiem C»3CTiOt»on
careoo^v g'uuo* iupph«i
>«»0» T TXJ*<yx Otocx **3*<n <oc<dQ«
3 S<«npfo rt»t/» O^O r«COro1
itftCTi proceOutet
inventory Contioi I code
$299
&
PAYROLL
T«»# Sovctoiry tlacPmnici I T©iOC
five Accouoi«>9 SvH m P40«k*at
pov*oM »y opcwi wntc h goes b*vo<td
wr itng porcheefct ku ••Oluret In-
CNxM
t *»«kry &»weekiv i«mt<Twrvm>v
orx* mooHMy pay o«««o<li
2 H0u(\ lolory vOcoiion ty)4k<
doy cofr«fj»»»»ort o*+4T*rm and
componiotorv pov catvo^Wi ervd
l»pi
3 P#diiciv l«do<oJ ona nal* par
tod lox»» in urence OOdtl'O^altQx
Of tpectaioedociwoi
4 0o*y l<ne> k**Owig a<to«*d
i (N*ilt check* «r U D> Check
tftagtt and mumai TuiPory
A Prirtri W-? lormi t*d*rcU ond
tlalft Id* i«por1 "ikwmolKXi
* Keepi fc* empiavwe fmoiy
ft Toi lofe^*» oiiow ui*«
mode Icon or
Payroll J-code
$425
Complete DocumentCrtiOf^ $1995
* OS9 and Basic OP are trademaiks of Microware. Inc. and Motorola Corp
PO Bo* 541
211 0W Willow
SpectoHf Electronics
<405) 233-1632
Enid. OK 73701
50
'68* Micro Journal
INTELLIGENT PRINTER INTERFACE
For SS-30 and SS-30C Computers (SWTPc, GIMiX, SSB and Others)
COSTS ABOUT THE SAME AS AN ORDINARY INTERFACE. ur Intelligent Printer Inter-
face offers much more. First, it features an on-board MC6802, 2K bytes firmware and 2K bytes (ex-
pandable to 8K) on RAM buffer We have both RS-232-C Serial and Centronics parallel versions.
Both versions fit on the SS-30 (or SS-30C) bus. They work with standard system software. On-board
buffering of print data is automatic and allows print spooling. But, there is more: we have features
which can be Invoked under software control. Control sequences may be Intermingled with print
lines.
set left/right/top/bot-
tom margins • set page length/page
size ♦ set horizontal/ vertical tabs.
discard print, halt printer, restart
printer, halt at top of page, disable buf-
fering, test buffer, test printer
Ignore specified characters,
translate characters, auto linefeed,
download user-written filter program
Scientific Instruments
204 MLir* Lane. Alpha 9
Fort Collins, Colorado 60524
(303)484-1913
INTELLIGENT PRINTER INTERFACE
VCM-SP Serial Printer version, assembled,
tested Owner's Manual $129.95
VCM-PP Parallel Printer version, assembled,
tested & Owner's Manual $119.95
Cable assembly (serial or parallel type printer)
$19.95
Please add $3,00 S/H charges per order Color-
ado residents add 3% tax. MCA/ISA accepted.
JCP (Job Control Program) for 6800/6809 FLEX
systems (see our ad in January '63 '68' Micro
Journal) $49.95
JCPSource + Object $89.95
f LEXru 41 « rtetltwrf U*6*mMi* of T«crm4c* Sy«t**t Ccn«uHan»i, IfK
/T
our EPROM PROGRAMMER with the field.
All <tat« Ktkmi directly fcvn *ww(*cHjr«r « curr«*rt *»vwr*U»'*?. Sof:^*tn>,
intttocm, or VfoittitlXY nt.lblM n*y mho i» to^irvl *t jrklUiwvil «j»t.
■ *TOiit«i in fcu r.im
A
e
c
E
F
INTERFACE
INTELLIGENT
PROGRAMS
2SOB
2706*
27J6
2916
2716
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2932
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2564
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6749
TOTAL
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PAR
PAR
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510
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NO
NO
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•
•
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3
n
6
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11
11
$45-
t16ft
S299
S3T5
I44g
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Of** Kltt* V*vqrtmmr t It 2*. Pvr«ccv»llty h*w*j la far MCG. 2758. 2W6. and
2716 ineliAJmt. Spaeify a\t. U»X ■ **«. ani «?»* at b*j *y*t*m iTSCm fUOt or
SStto DOS) titan onlorh^, Nmuil only, SlOi refundable with CPWM pm*w».
UNtTEK • P.O. Bex 671 • Emporia, VA 23847
68 Products SALE
JPC is closing out some of its SS-50/30
Product Line . , , and having a Sale on
the rest! Close out when stock is gone.
Sale ends Sept. 30, 1983.
CLOSE OUT
MX 6SS-50 Extender $15.95
CK-7 Real Time Clock $45.95
DAC-5 Dual Channel A/D $59.95
PA-1 5 Parallel Interface $24.95
TSU Motor Control $ 5.95
SALE (♦)
TC-3 High Speed Cassette Interface $49.95
AD-16 16 Channel A/D $69.95
CFM;3 Cassette File Manager on Cassettes 19.95
CFMJ3 Cassette File Manager on EPROM $24.95
BASIC/3 High Speed Cassette Basic $39.95
(♦JSpeCify 6800 Or 6809 ^m^
Temu: Cosh. Master Card or Visa ( Wfp^Znn k-tc rr\
Shipping & Handling $3 50 (US) %^ J^ PRODUCTS CO
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'68' Micro Journal
51
Wtatof lor (VQSOAS of feel appeororvce, or reDobilfry.
you like n>osi Color Computer owners would Dfobobry
prefer o benet keyword
Now, you con hove on*
$89.95
4jHho»» pcmiH9QV) o ,\hmy9** i* w%
pxMd#» o hn nonrx+i o»ao j »d <M<T oncw
cap**** TiKtoaynpiX«ri and i«m>ioox Th» tatty
mxrurvd hcycopo. 9/oy and bKx* wiih whilo l*frmrn rtkofy
arr«*vrv*wih*CateCar?x**t<»ift»«kaBpt<7(yT» AM.ih*»wytiixMtf>^HquQiryay«nucnc7t
OM««v*w^'*tM>C*Op*fOtOAA^dC^ferT* v d«M»«AttP^M(i«<J The ta* hjtxmn fcryt
artpr*^ rh» ««o pa^om ir> i h» toytmo* momt or o* i odded bom* fctvtowtfnxMowm
iA«ot. at wim ifta Norn wrricn wtto how io»w4y adopted ih*** C»uo> « tank Hogg
lata**** fl£Q i^too^Mvtr**»^thoho>fcaiKfi»** r y QA5ICf»uyK*'*'»Ve«arfipir»
and owr<>A/ kr^oof dm** k|Ang»oif MUM Tho hvyfcmrf b Qtfon mod* tar rr* Cotar
CqrT^4^byMQOgTO\onf»> ^ ^^ O cwj'«Agu^cfa»t^^»yCTyTx^y»yy>oodc ^V ^'" w ^
CcTv^tfWfy wufcjm » a wrgtm (*M?tr\ cptrono* wo>«*Q oo wAsferw or a/»»g
******** Th. n**R» P*»*~ « db**r<t * on *m»d ,-^i rtr»»«l **W?» « ntX^d
bur abd ouafc*fr V0O>a)*V tor WOO («»f#*x±4r *** o^dxa*! Two w»«yi»of»T*Wv*»d
a» ovafeMr. on* tor itwri t qnd wi*r Odor ComptMnartJrrworhct4orr**<rrtuonrCdfto
kxwi a> A or CV) Cotor ond TOP 100 ar<Mrv (Vo» >pta* w»*d> *«*»n yoo how *f*n
oebr*Q # poBCrtr Qm^« lr«A^ rlv arrvW^ <X9Sfcjg rvr««r ond **af nsnbvt
Mleronl* Sy»tom» Corporation
■ ton ■« now
8C 0¥ta MO «330i
(314*441 1W4
WOW ^w> ■< »"^»
■ t i. pji Ul, M«Q C««4» *4«0 OOP «M0 *. 0OO»»C<
CALItfOAR-ClOCX / tIKCI / fAIALLtt POtT
C«l«od«e . Clock
Parallol t/0 Port
Copotrvcetoo -- e.ur *■«, •««««• «•»••«< • »si* •?.**«•«
HAnual -- Vttt 4ficvatntt4 * >* P*l*»
A.««obl«4 «o4 l**t«d $1|9.$) Hit *tf.*3
Coldpla(«a bv» «onn 7 . 50 ? HH* option i.VO
Oltk } or 1 lo. SSB or FUi- OSGAvO*-£*> NOW J*. 9*
101E1T10H tLlCTHOHUi
looi u.r* SiAdi :ir . it
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PKoo. {>03> 294-0023
KK r««ld«r*li add 41 t*m
Add «3 Shlpplog 4 «-ndltot
'68' MICRO JOURNAL
if The only ALL 6800 Computer Magazine.
if Mora 6600 material than all the others com-
bined: MA Q AZ | N E COMPARISON
(2 years)
Monthly Averages
6800 ArticlM TOTAL
KB BYTE CC DOBBS PAGES
7.8 6.4 2.7 2.2 19.1 ea. mo.
Average cost for all four each month: $b.53
(Based on advertised 1-year subscription price)
68 cost per month: $2.04
Thai's Right' Much, Much More
tor About
1/3 the Cost'
OK, PLEASE ENTER MY SUBSCRIPTION
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52
68* Micro Journal
Universal Data Research, Inc. Introduces
300 Baud Acoustic.
300 Baud Direct _
300 Baud Auto Answer
1200 Baud Direct
1200 Baud Auto Answer
300/1200 Auto Answer.
300/1200 Auto Dial
Modem 2 Port I/O Card _
with speed select
$149.00
$179.00
$219.00
$449.00
$499.00
$549.00
$599.00
$119.00
$449
Printer Special: Okidata 82A
Dealer inquiries Welcome • Call or Write For Free Catalogue
FLEX* and UniFLEX*
software for the 6809
V
DATA BASE
\
MANAGER
**h
CUSTOMER
PROGRAM
VENDOR
PROGRAM
I
I
ORDER
FNTRY
INVENTORY
PURCHASE
ORDER
JZ
/
IE
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RECEIVABLE
GENERAL
LEDGER
ACCOUNTS
PAYABLE
IE
PAYROLL
Integrated
Business Programs
Accounts Payable
FLEX UniFLEX
Accounts Receivable.
General Ledger
Inventory 2
Payroll
Data Base Manager.
Word Processing
Software
WP Menu
P Control
S295
$295
S295
S295
S295
S350
$295
S395
S395
S395
S395
S395
$450
$395
$150
$150
'FLEX A UfvfLfy are Trademarks, of tttctimcof Systems
2457 Wehrle Drive, D-68, Buffalo, NY 14221
PHONE (716)631-3011
Dealer Inquires Welcome ^'
W Micro Journal
53
64K SS-50 STATIC RAM
$ 199
00
(4BK KIT)
BLANK PC BOARD
WITH DOCUMENTATION
$52
SUPPORT ICs * CAPS
FULL SOCKET SET -
$1800
$15.00
S6K
64K
$249
$299
ASSEMBLED AND TESTED ADD $40
FEATURES:
• Uses new 2K x 8 (TMM 2016 or HM 61 16) RAMs.
• Fully supports Extended Addressing.
• 64K draws only approximately 500 MA.
• 200 NS RAMs are standard. (TOSHIBA makes TMM 2016s as fast as 100 NS, FOR
YOUR HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS.)
• Board is configured as 3-1 6K blocks and 8-2K blocks (within any 64K block)
for maximum flexibility.
• 2716 EPROMs may be installed anywhere on Board.
• Top 16K may be disabled in 2K blocks to avoid any I/O conflicts.
• One Board supports both RAM and EPROM.
• RAM supports 2MHZ operation at no extra charge!
• Board may be partially populated in 16K increments,
16K STATIC RAMS?
The new 2K x 8, 24 PIN static RAMs are the next generation of high density, high
speed. low power, RAMs Pioneered by such companies as HITACHI and
TOSHIBA and soon to be second sourced by most major U S manufacturers,
these ultra low power parts, feature 2716 compatible pin out Thus fully
interchangeable ROM RAM boards are at last a reality, and you get BUNDING
speed and LOW power thrown in tor virtually nothing
Digital Research Computers
(OF TEXAS)
PC BOX 401565 * GARLAND, TEXAS 75040 * {214)271-3538
TERMS: Add $2 00 postage We pay balance Order under $15 add 7SC
nandlmQ MoCOO We accept V«aa»wJ MauetCharge Tex Res addSH
Ta » Foreign orders le«cePi Canada) add 20% PAH Of 0e»s over $50. add
Bf>C for insurance
54
'68' Micro Journal
ffiffiWWWWWffiOTffiR^^
ARCAD& SO
POWERFUL COLOR GRAPHICS
Uses ihe new TMS9918A Video Display Pro
cessor High resolution 256 x 192 pixel chsptay
with 15 colors 16k Bytes of onboard RAM does
nol reduce user memory 32 graphic images can
be individually moved wilh simple XY commands
(or smooth animation
External Video input allows sublilling
NTSC composite video output
SOUND EFF ECTS AND MUSIC
ThreeAY3-89iO Programmable Sound
Generators
Nine simultaneous voices
Three independent noise sources
Onboard slereo amphjier drives Iwo 8 onm
speakers
AOpnrQNAL W O CAPABILITIES
Eighi analog inpuls wilh 8 bil resolution
Suppor is lour loysticks with pushbutton swiiches
Eight bfl parallel I/O port
Enhre unit maps into 256 byles o* memory
DOCUMENTATION AND SOFTWARE
Programming manuals lor Video and Sound
Processors
Subroutine library and Super Demo Maze Game
Example programs in BASIC, f BASfC and
ASSEMBLY
User library and sales support
ARCADE SO assembled and lesled $325 00
Video and Audio connector sel 15 00
4 Joystick connector se l 15 00
2 Radio Shack joysticks 24 00
UHF channel 33 modulator 32 00
Gold Motex connectors 1 2 00
A/BASIC tor 6800 11000
FBASlCtor6809 M000
FBASIC (with ARCADE 501 75 00
FBASIC imanual only) 10 00
ARCADE 80 (TRSMooeli) 395 00
ARCADE I 00IS 100 BUSS) 37500
ARCADE SO RGB 375 00
LABVIDEO(MotorolaEXORbuS) 37500
LABVIDEORGB 375 00
NEW MV09 6809 Processor Board 225 00
'Comes assembled wilh PIA and AClA
*1 2 Sockets tor 21 16 2732 or RAM
'Supports DMA disk I/O
■ldeaMor6809 upgrade or process con I ro I
AMDHK COLOR I Monitor 425 00
AMOEK COLOR M Momlor 799 00
AMDEK COLOR III Monitor 499 00
256K Dynamic Memory Board 795 00
tassembiedl
256K Dynamic Memory Board 39S00
(assembled w/64K>
64K Dynamic MerOory Board 29S00
(assembled)
Speciry 5 or 8 sofl seclor disk lor TSCs FLEX or
MiCROWARE S OS/9 system
TERMS CASH VISA MC COD
fill
TERMINUS DESIGN INC *n conluncKon with
MK.ro ware Systems Corporation, is proud 10 an-
nounce FBASlCanenhancemenlol Microware's
6800 A/B ASIC Tne<r fast compiled BASIC has been
adapted lor 6609 users wdh added video and
sound features lor ARCADE 50 users FBASIC js a
true compiler lhal produces oplimlzed machine
languagemoduieswfi^hareROMabieandreqtiire
no Run Time package FBASIC requires less
memory overhead and runs hundreds o I times tas-
ter than BASIC interpreters II supports standard
BASIC instruction including Siring tunc lions. Disk
I/O and lasi integer anihmeiic with multiple pred*
sion capability Graphics verbs and functions fully
support ihe Arcade SO Arcade slalemenls Include
INIT
MODE
8LANK
BACKOROP
SIZE
MAO
VRSG
DELAY
MOVE
DRAW
FCOLOR
^SWITCH
HE MOVE
RORAW
BCOLOR
SWITCH
PSG
TON£
e*vl
VOtUME
ADC
SPRITE
SPNAME
ENDEF
SPCOiOR
RSPRITC
SPOtF
PATDEF
VPEtK
VPOKt
VPRINT
TERMINUS
OESiGrg
INC
16 SCARBROUGH ROAD
ELLENWOOD GA 30049
(A(M) 474 4866
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmnmmmmmmnmsm
66 MfOtf) JOUMAL FHDERAIG an DISK
Disk ft: FILES0RT, MINICAT, MINIC0PY, MINIFMS.
"LIFETIME, •*»0€TKY t ••F00OLIST, •"0I ET.
Disk 02: OISKEDIT w/ Inst. & fixes, PRIME, 1FTO0O,
••SMO0PY, FOOTBALL, •^EXPANN, «»LIFETIHE.
Oisk #3: CB0G09, SEC1, SEC2, FIN0, TABLE2, INTEXT,
DISK-EXP *DfSKSAVE
Disk #4:' MAILING PROGRAM, *FIN00AT, *CHANGE,
*TEST0ISK.
Disk «: *DISKFIX 1, # 0ISKFIX 2, "LETTER.
••LOVES* GN, ••BLACK J AK, •■BOWLING.
Oisk #6.- ••PURCHASE ORDER, JNDEX (Disk f II© Indx).
Oisk ill Linking Loader & RL0A0, Herkness
Oisk IB: CRTSET, Lanpher (Hay '82)
Ofsk 09: 0ATECOPY, 0ISKFIX9 (Aug '82)
MOTE: All are as published or received by 68
Micro Journal, Some have fixes and patches*
This Is a reader service only I No Warranty Is
offer** or Implied, they are as received and ere
for reader convenience ONLY. Also 6800 and 6809
programs are mixed, as eacfi Is fairly simple
(mostly) to convert to the other.
PRICE: 8" Disk $19.95 - 3" Disk $)7.95
68 MICRO JOURNAL
P08 794
Mlxson, TK 37343
615-842-4600
# Indicates 6800, ## Indicates BASIC SwTPC or
TSC - 6809 no Indicator.
MASTER CARD - VISA accepted - Foreign add
sufficient postage surface or etrU
WINCHESTER
FOR MOTOROLA
EXORCISOR/MDOS
D 10 MB Winchester hard disk runs MDOS on Motorola
Exorcisor System □ No modification to MOOS required
D MDOS based software stays alive D All user software
operates without modification D Optional SA-801 R flex-
ible diskette drive system D Optional 10 MB removable
cartridge.
gk MW± For Information call (619) 566-3911
■ J ij Computer System Associates
^^1 I 7562 Trade Street San Drnoo CA92l2t
W Micro Journal
55
TEN MOST-ASKED QUESTIONS
TM
about DYNACALC
THE ELECTRONIC SPREAD-SHEET FOR 6809 COMPUTERS
1 . What la an electronic spreadsheet,
anyway?
Business people use spread-sheets to
organize columns and rows of figures.
DYNACALC simulates the operation of
a spreadsheet without Ihe mess of
paper and pencil. Of course, correc-
tions and changes are a snap.
Changing any entered value causes the
whole spread sheet to be recalculated
based on the new constants. This
means that you can play, what if?' to
your heart's content.
2. la DYNACALC juat for accountants.
then?
Not at all. DYNACALC can be used for
just about any type of job. Not only
numbers, but alphanumeric messages
can be handled. Engineers and other
technical users will love DYNACALC's
sixteen-digit math and built-in scien-
tific functions. There's even a built-in
sort command, so you could use
DYNACALC to manage small data
bases - up to 256 records.
3. What will DYNACALC do for ME?
That's a good question. Basically the
answer is that DYNACALC will let your
computer do jusl about anything you
can imagine. Ask your friends who have
VisiCalc, or a similar program, just how
useful an electronic spread-sheet
program can be for ail types of house*
hold, business, engineering, and scien-
tific applications.
4. Do \ have to learn computer
programming?
NOI DYNACALC is designed to be used
by non-programmers, but even a Ph.D.
in Computer Science can understand it.
BuifMn HELP messages are provided
for quick reference to operating
instructions.
5. Do I have to modify my ayatem to uae
DYNACALC?
Nope. DYNACALC uses any standard
6809 configuration, so you don't have
to spend money on another CPU board
or waste time learning another operat-
ing system.
6. Will DYNACALC reed my existing data
lifaa?
You bet! DYNACALC has a beautifully
simple method of reading and writing
data files, so you can communicate
both ways with other programs on your
system, such as the Text Editor, Text
Processor, Sort/Merge. RMS data base
system, or other programs written in
BASIC. C. PASCAL. FORTRAN, and SO
on.
7. How laat la DYNACALC?
Very. Except for a few seldom-used com-
mands, DYNACALC is memciy-reskJent,
so there is little disk I/O to slow things down.
The whole data array (worksheet) is in
memory, so access to any point is instan-
taneous. DYNACALC is 100% 6809
machine code for blistering speed.
8. la there a version of DYNACALC lor MY
ayatem?
Probably, You need a 6809 computer
(32k minimum) with FLEX or UniFLEX
operating system. A version for OS-9 is
also in the works. You also need a
decent CRT terminal, one with at least
80 characters per line, and direct cursor
addressing, if your terminal isn't smart
enough lor DYNACALC, you probably
need a new one anyway. The UniFLEX
version of DYNACALC also allows you
to mix different brands of terminal on
the same system. There's also a special
version of DYNACALC for Color Com-
puters equipped with FLEX and Data*
Comp's F-MATE. A version for Frank
Hogg's Color Computer FLEX is also
being done*
9. Mow much doea DYNACALC coat?
The FLEX versions are just $200 per
copy; UniFLEX version $395. Foreign
orders add $10 per copy for postage.
We encourage dealers to handle
DYNACALC, since it's a product that
sells instantly upon demonstration.
Call or write on your company letter-
head for more information,
10. Where do I order DYNACALC?
See your local DYNACALC dealer, or
order directly from CSC at the address
below. We accept telephone orders
from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday through
Friday. Call us at 314-576-5020. Your
VISA or MasterCard is welcome. Please
specify diskette size for FLEX versions.
Software serial number is required for
theUniFLEX version of DYNACALC.
ORDER YOUR DYNACALC™ TODAY
Computer Syatema Center
13461 Oliva Blvd.
Cheaterfleldr MO 83017
(314)576-5020
f\Q_Q Version NOW Available
^^"** $250.00
UniFLEX software prices include maintenance for the first year.
DYNACALC, DYNAMITE, and DYNAMITE +
are trademarks of Computer Systems Center,
Foreign Dealer a:
Australia & Southeast Asia: order from
Paris Radio Electronics, 7A Burton St.,
Darllnghurst, NSW 2010 Sydney. Tele*
phone: 02.357-5111.
United Kingdom: order from Compu*
sense. Ltd., PO Box 169, London N13 4HT.
Telephone: 01882-0681
Scandinavia; order from Swedish Elec-
tronics hk AB, Murargatan 23-25. Uppsala
S-754 37 Sweden. Telephone: 18 25-30 00.
? MATE it a Iradamark or Oili-Comp.
V<»lCalc la ■ tr*0*n»tu D f Vk Corp
OS 9 <9 a trademark of M Icrowar* and Motorola
FLEX and UniFLEX are trademark ol T$C
56
ALSO FROM CSC
DYNAMITE*
"THE CODE BUSTER"
now available for UniFLEX
OS-9 veralon aoon
DYNAMITE + is a new version of DYNA-
MITE, our popular 6809/6800 disassembler
package for 6809 FLEX. Present users of
DYNAMITE can upgrade to DYNAMITE + by
sending us the original DYNAMITE diskette
and $40 (plus $5 for foreign postage).
DYNAMITE + does everything DYNAMITE
does, and morel A crosa-relerence gener-
ator has been added, label flies are now
maintained only in text form {LABEL EOU
Sxxxx), and boundary file specifications
have been tremendously simplified, which
makes it easier to disassemble large pro-
grams containing lots of big tables.
The UniFLEX version of DYNAMITE +
does everything the FLEX version does, and
also automatically handles system calls
and Mnfo* areas.
DYNAMITE + is available for S100 per
copy on FLEX (specify diskette size), and
$300 on UniFLEX. Foreign orders add $5 per
copy for postage.
'68' Micro Journal
WINDRUSH MICRO SYSTEMS
ALL-IN-TWO 6PROM FRDOtAMIgW
K2SH23
Iff J L^ pHB^^^
| ► Probably t*» Mil rtMttlll «P»OA Pft0flftA»«Hi 4v**l4blr. |AIV(itfi
1 4 »ofi**rf for ElQ*ctlor*|) trull? addrv4vat>l») arat SS«3G Otii ftyitroi,
* MOCOAMKS ANft VEfttHCS 250*//70&, 2>TAf*n« (SINGLE 4Mb IHI-Voll '
TT*ES> ?S32- 2732, 27)2*. 25*i, ??«* AN* 1 N C 12** TNS252* (16K • r>> I
•> *> • > WITHOUT AMlTZONAt. * r*«IO*#*LI ft* HOBULIS <► <- <* <
> *K£**Wl* r*l*'<ili out Id tour m*>tl •'■* «i* 1' o! ttfl|t#d pal* UHli
* DI«<tSI*E COmAftOS •**>....... «OVI Bit*. »[**, rfOCJAM, VEIJM EPOC*),
«»w»:Ht/CHn*iG£ aurrf*, ro«umi» aunt or ovfti*, MU eurp£»i.
* IvUy «(u»AtM <*»•'*« p«vit W/ic*«««t »ci & rfcaory of OPCrAltor*.
»*v« autocall/ tintjM *<•*« y/iolo+r rrint 1 <o»po/%^i ovvrUy '
* V>1l«*r« orlwt *v«ll«bl» to* (fill 2/«>.» f««J, <OV9>. and UVOl).
ait SOUKt MLES &***lXf». Sp*<ltr OP/SVS an* dn* tiff «n Qr«rr*
* Rir**ry filr «f*»/lr*ITE ulUiPM »t«pl4*d «iT(v OS. 9 v*r«<on. fl«x*r r
lit* otfirt loader t«X9>U»d atllS NMi vrrtloft.
* (UllT ASSfftOUp, DUPM»*ZM, AH* TESTED NO EXTMS 1C >VT!
MAC£ A «o-r*»ld»r>t E0|lO»/A»$tr»jLEl wrlCCan fry CrlkW TroC t .M<h !
t*M*% «o*t of th* oalft owl ot At«»a&iy Un»vK» progm
ovvrlopaant . All^I orOffram» to bf «rl1t»fl, Id1t»d, *i»nabl«0 r
«*d de-bu99*4 WITHOUT viwr *p>t*»t^9 **>• Ol*» aparaUng %y%i «a.
Wl«<*» xrUCl a co*ra»<df«i 4*00/1/3 f 01TO*/C«<WJ- AS$E»«Ll*.
PLf9 * eo "■« *<***> * i»tTM/C0«riLEI/H^ffM6lt »nti*n by C#ar.a»
frott. A 11*914 o**» (MWMrr thai probers position
|i*kt>tnay<i «*<ktoa <od* cxitPWI. SuppOMi -any BASIC, S*l/*,
•no PASCAL ftrwclurat. t**OMt 1 bit and t« Ml *t«rt<J ANB 32
bM floating PelAt vaetabla*. PL.I* I/O* floating OOt*t r an*
icirmliflc fi**<ttor* library rw/too/>c«l lrtclud*<t>
DETA1LE0 OVtftVlCtt Of 1HC aOCVe njOMKTS Alt 0*i *>46*S
33/3* Of INC OCT0MI T9W ISSl* 01 '0* NtCd© JCU»»*A..
Q t^^ Kin vcri<on cl !■»• Jaawi PJcCo*^ •<■ («aiHrr that »«t
or^tnally <le««(op»d lor UrilUH. Support* all 'C* Oala lyprt
1 nctipl 'ttoalt*, 'do*jb<»«*, **d + b1«.Mald»*. ^ro^cri v«ry
rlfU'ent *»»«M? lat«ai> C 0* foiircr OwlPwt* »ft* T« r« local Ia«
*f 4 ^<>irr/nnk»ng loidvr (5^09-17) (i rtcMM^^ if >oo »<ir
lo m»t# na* + aii* ui» of C't ability To ProOVit* Her«ry «06\«lM»
fUtr (lAc(k»*» »MCt» ...««...(Ai09 fill OKLxJ VM.OO
ft/9 (inclgort p-ATNS o-c i*o*l . ItSO* ttU «*«>... H«ft.00 1
'(' (A 1A* M09 IUI «y«t«« ** rroulr^d). .,-... ........ .« S29S.QD
S»J0 AiL-tK-TWO, u/«fw v»r»lo» of toKx/i eVl««r«*.«*, .,»37J.0D
laOdcift^r **J--lfc.rwo, M<r<Wr \ffrKvi of »oK-*r« 0V«y«r* t^W.OO
JOMwAJrC e«I«<RS for a ?r«t 4 3rd or 4lh 0f/SfI .«,,. ♦»♦*•*•* 25-CO
r t 1 t 1 V 1 » L L u L- t A t ■ Mil PQWUI
**j S'K) icti-taa 4
1 AL K f « /L 1 Sf (tfCR/ COHTWtU * 1
VILL M AVAIL AM. 1 SOON! 1
IWJRSTHAD LABOR4T0RES
NOrTTW WAkSHAM, NORFOLK
ENGLAND NR28 9SA
TH.: (0692) 4051B9
TLX: 97300 SHARE T G
WE ARE A STOCKING DtSTOIBtfTOfl OF SS8,GMHX,TSC h MKRWARE 1
GpMX IS THE US/CAH OfSTTCa/TOR TOR WfORUSH. 1
FOUR DIGIT DISPLAY BARE
BOARD
PLUGS INTO SS-30 SLOT
ASSEMBLY MANUAL AND
SOFTWARE
$29.95 PLUS $2.50 POSTAGE
CMOS 6805 CONTROLLER BARE
BOARD
ASSEMBLY MANUAL AND
DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE
$39.95 PLUS $2.50 POSTAGE
CHICAGO COMPUTER
PRODUCTS
P.O. BOX 11943
CHICAGO, IL 60611-0943
6 PM TO 9 PM (312) 225-6691
vl
HIGH RELIABILITY STORAGE
FOR THE SS -50 BUS
D I S K B U B provides 128K bubble memory
replacing a disk drive.
—no moving parts to wear out
—direct boot capability
—withstands harsh environments
such as dust, heat, vibration
—faster than standard drives
—utility software supplied
Diskbub plugs into the 30 pin I/O bus.
Flex09 drivers and boot rom provided.
Available for onfy
$32500
2457 Wehrle Drive. B-68
Buffalo. New YorX 14221
Phone (716) 631-3011
Dealer Inquiries Wftlcome
68' Micro Journal
57
Model EP-2A-88
EPROM Programmer
Proven Reliability
Easy To Use
Remarkably Fast
Alow** 6% foftt «■ Jsckrabbla
Recall ihdt in -WmIm tv*» rflbtai can reproduce ovrr 13 mJWofi offspring In rhrw year*
Our EP 2A HH 2 b*!tin) rto( qu)l« «* fas. 1 10S seconds for 2716*1 b capable of pro-Jamming
1392.1 60 Eprwro in ihr«* v«<h* Our w« EP 2A 884 Single pushbutton cunt»ol. crocks
if €f»ofT» ai* «rs«ed. (7Toy»m» and verify retains many of It* outstanding feature oi tha
EP 2A-88-2 ivrttrtt dlA^vOo and audio prompl
. - . And getting fatter
The EP 2A 884 has t***l pcogriimmlng ttcnes for th* Intel 2764 | L Tt 2564* of ool^ SO
and 80 xcondi, jusi 100 itowwfc k>» rhe 271 28 Bui thai to not all sinct ih« EP 2A«H4 can
•bo do rhe 2716, 2732, 2732A and 2S32 Eproms
Part N* Orvolpdort
EP^AWieprompvogfftmm^ 115V 50/60 M2
Now iiArvWd voltage j220v. 2KV Of I00w>
SS5000
IS 00
Copy Module*. Onto Capability
CM-20 2732 $2S00 CM20A 2732A .. .13100
CM 40 2532 25.00
CM-612 2564 2S.00
CM^S 27128 2S00
CM-SO 27l6 r 2SI6 2500
CM-643 2764 . 25,00
SE.64-2 Sock<tE)ip«ndo for 2564 ?3.00
93,00
SE<64^3S<»cfc*t Expander Cot 2764. 27128
Optimal Technology, Inc.
Phone (804)973-5*82
Blue Wood 138
Earlysvilte, Va 22936
RBF-CACHE for OS9 level 2
Device driver to create an RBF device with Its storage
In RAM (acts iike a very fast disk) . . . $100.00
UTILITIES-A for OS9 level 2
Utilities to locate dump and disassemble from
memory or files, fast level 2 PRINTERR and other
utilities , . . $75.00
Specify 8" or 5vi " disk when ordering, inquire for
level 1 cache availability.
QMM1-B 256K MEMORY
FOR SS50-C 6809 SYSTEMS
Compatible with systems by SSB, GIMIX, and SWTPC
including those with DMA disk controllers.
Full 2Mhz operation with transparent on board refresh, runs
continuously at 2 Mr\z without cycle stretching or stealing.
Very versatile addressing and disable features.
Parity option haits processor and sounds audible alarm upon
detecting a read error,
All boards assembled, tested, burned in and warranted for 1
year.
Also available with 64K, 128K, or 192K,
256K lor $935,00 — 256K w? parity $1035.00
Delivery: Stock— 2 weeks. Terms: Prepaid or COD.
D.P.Johnson £03)2444152
7655 S.W. Cadarciast Si., Poilland, OR 97223
GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO.
INFOMAG DBMS
A data base management system specifically designed
for microprocessor based computer systems.
STYLOGRAPH 2.0
The best word processor on the market today.
STYLOGRAPH is an easy to learn efficient way of creating,
reviewing, deleting and printing text. STYLOGRAPH is now
available for the TRS-80 Color Computer!!
STYLO 2.0 OS9. FLEX $295 UNIFLEX $395 Color FLEX $195
MAIL MERGE
MAIL MERGE OS9, FLEX, Color FLEX $125 UNIFLEX$175
SPELLING CHECKER
SPELL CHECK OS9, FLEX, Color FLEX $145 UN*FLEX$195
FLEX version $295
UNIFLEX version $395
OSBORNE BUSINESS
PROGRAMS
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
GENERAL LEDGER
FLEX
$295 each
UNIFLEX
$395 each
6809 Software Took Available.'!
10% discount on
cash with order.
GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO.
P.O. BOX 916 ( IDAHO FALLS. ID 63402 / PH (20*1 529 3210
Vtsa and MasterCard accepted
MS
sa
68* Micro Journal
USER FRIENDLY UNIFLEX* COBOL SOFTWARE
These programs will allow you the same versatility on your SWTPC computer as is available on a large mainframe
syslem.
They have been used and tested by virtually hundreds of businesses and are versatile enough to run any business.
Dealers will find il extremely simple to introduce to your prospects and your sales should increase with the
easeot operation and versatility of the package. Completely interactive.
A TOTAL BUSINESS SYSTEM.
AN EXTREMELY USER FRIENDLY, MENU DRIVEN SOFTWARE BUSINESS PACKAGE
GENERAL LEDGER
PACKAGE
$995
ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE
$595
ACCOUNTS PAYABLES PACKAGE
VENDOR PROGRAMS
PURCHASE ORDERS
CHECKWRITING. ETC.
$695
PAYROLL
$695
Detailed Descriptive Brochure 10.00 Manuals and Demo Programs 100.00
Dealer Inquiries Invited
AT LAST! ! ! A COMPLETE AND RELIABLE
BACKUP & RESTORE PROGRAM FOR UNIFLEX
This program will download your entire hard disk or selected directories to lloppys. creating all directories with-
out bombing out when disks fill up. Restore reverses the process. Backup has many unique options which allow
you to tailor the procedure to meet your needs Compatible with any UNIFLEX system.
Manuals $5.00 ^ZJ W^Ff^ T J7 J\ Programs $75.00
&M Kj Ks M A/1 (Manuals Included)
SYSTEMS
BOX 333, EAGLE, IDAHO 83616, PHONE (208) 939-8813
' Unit lex is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants.
MOOS COMPATIBLE
PRINTER INTERFACE
PARALLEL/SERIAL
Makes a Serial look like a Parallel to MOOS
wooEi RIM
« Company Moioroii EXORcrsor compihWi no »frwir« patents required
■ 3 mode* ol optrohon Ccnlfonicft parallel R$ 232 C. ind 20mA currant loop
< 6 baud iitaa . no ISO 300. 600. 1200 2400 4800. and 9600
« AS 232 C hindinik+nQ • CTS or XON/XOFF {0CI/DC3)
• 20 mA handshaking - XON/XOFF I0CI/DC3I
Assembled and Tested (includes all catfet) $349 00
Bare Board w/ Documentation S W 00
803-879-3228
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
P.O. Box 1143 Taylors, South Carolina 29687
CP/M ON THE SS50 BUS
META LAB
2809 SOFTBOARD SYSTEM
CP/M SOFTWARE ON SS50 BUS
FEATURES
— RUN CP/M ON YOUR SS50 COMPUTER
— INCLUDES CP/M 2.2 W/TH EDITOR,
— ASSEMBLER. DEBUGGER, UTILITIES
— FULL SOFTWARE SUPPORT AND USER
DOCUMENTATION
— COMPLETE CP/M REFERENCE MANUALS
— STANDARD CP/M DISK
— Z80A MICRO OPERATING AS A
COPROCESSOR TO YOUR 6809
-ALL I/O THRU SS50 SYSTEM DEVICES
— EASY TO INSTALL
— ONE YEAR WARRANTY • S595
Available on Gimix DMA63 and SMTP DMAF2 56K
Contact us about other configurations
OTHER PRODUCTS ON SS30 BOARDS
• ADC 1200 12 BITADQ 16 CHANNELS 25 uSec $795
• DAC 1220 12 BIT DAQ 2 CHANNELS, 10 uSec 1395
• GPIB 4600 IEEE 488 CONTROLLER
A
These ere industrial Quality Product*,
Dealer Inquiries welcomed
13G3J449-171 1
6U2 L> COUNT V LINE HO AD
LONGMONT, CO8O501
'68' Micro Journal
59
•f«l*f«l*f«t«t*I«t«I«t«t*I«t«I«t*I*I«t«I«t«I*I«t«Ut
F&D Associates si0 1 CBUr Mw |
1210 Todd Road *"""' '%
New Plymouth, Ohio
45654
Vil
1 14 592 5721
S«nd for fre* Catalog
•* Matter C he ro,e ~ C.O.D.
£
2
v
V COLOR COMPUTER DiSt DRIVER BOARD
£ Uming »xp«rivnce gained hi th our S30 dimk
• control ltri, we? havi dtvtloptd a controller -for
7 urn* Hith th* Color Cort»Pute?r«
1792
or 1797 FDC chip and the?
« The? RDC-i uifi
mm n»w SMC9216B tingle? chip data separator which
J£ u a much lower comt than popular chip mot
# separators and 14 all digital. The board also
# has digital nrjtt pracomp so no adjustments are
y required.
9« The board accepts either a 24 or 28 pin ROM or
£ EPRON allowing up to 16* of on-board memory.
# It is completely Radio ShacK compatible if the
7 RS Disk Extended Basic ROM is used, Ms mi 1 I
•J? have loUnart to operate FLEX* without Extended
«r
Basic and Disk Extended Basic using our
FADBUG-C
monitor. Others have it
now for
o
operating
with EB t DEB. RDC-1 is compatible.
A
•
RDC-1
bare board, doc, and 9216B
•49.30
#
FDC 1797
controller chip
S30.00
V
V
DEBROM
Di'ati Ex Basic ROM
*33.00
BDCASE
case for board
ft 7.30
j> add *3 s/h. Oh res add 3 percent.
# i Trademark of Technical Systems Consultants
SOFTWARE..
* HARDCORE
•• TOOLS FOR r*0ei£* SOLVCTS ■•
oo FIRST ~- You heve • problem — OH WOE I
oo SECOND — Of courie? Um • computer I
oo THIRD — Choose the best herdwere — • 6809f
oo FORTH — Cno«me the «ost UMful toff Mm.
> FORTH - A TOOi FOR CRAFT9CN1
— o Join the thousands of problea) solvers who
heve discovered the FORTH eat nod of producing
results, Instead of laoedteents.
tFORTH It ■ refined version or FORTH Interest Group
stenderd FORTH for 6B09 (end 6600); 30$ faster than
FIG-FORTH, severe I ties* faitar than BASIC.
FORTH la unlftu* a*ong cowputar lenguagas In many
respects, not tha laatt ot which la that it was created
by problea solvers to help the* on with thalr tasks,
rathar than by coiputar ac I ant lata.
FORTH eppl Feet Ions hava spanned a wide rang* of tasks
listening to galaxies, telMng with dolphins,
naming robots, controlling production line eechlnery,
and sophisticated graphic* sysfees.
Users of FORTH reoort productivity gains of 2 to 10
over otfker oevelopaaint tools. HrWORTHltal Is tor the
progreeMr «9vo needs to sqeeeie the ■ost'tnto rose.
®lFORTH and firmFORTH art tradama/ks of Talbot Microsystems
"FLHX is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants, inc.
TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS
5 MEG
HARD DISK
$600
00
$400°"
QUANTITY 10
This is a new Shugan SA-1002 S 33 megabyte hard disk drive Interlacing h lo your
6009 system is a snap with the Weale/n Digital W0 1 00 1-65 intolttoent controller
card ($350) Mow to" articles for the SS-50 BUS can be found in this magazine by
Zeff (Sept.. Nov 82) and by Graves (Oct 82) We can supply drives. ccniroHera.
cables, power suppto and enclosures separately or in compter pecMpes We
also have irXerteces kx the IBM PC, Health 6990, S-100. Apple II and STD BUS
Send $22 tor oompteie manual set
Computer
DYNAMICS
105 S. Main Si. Greer. SC 29651
Ph. 603-6777471
tFORTH®
THE PROFESSIONALS CHOICE
from the author of 6809 fig-FOR H
TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS
> tFORTH SYSTB4S <
for nil FLOf systems: GlMlX, SWTP, SSB, or EXORctsor;
or convert to other systems, specify 5 or S Tnch
diskette, hcrdnrt type, and 6B00 or 6609. for
standalone versions, urlte.
Manuals aval labia separately * price In ().
Add $5/syste* for shipping, $12 for foreign air.
•• tFORTH - extended fig FORTH <l disk.) StOO <$1 5)
with tig line editor.
•• tFORTH* - expended noral (3 5" or 2 S« disks) $290
($23)
Include* 2nd screen editor, assembler, extended dete
types utility vocabulerles, G0IKJ FORTH CAI course on
FORTH, oses, end debugging elds.
■■ TRS-80 0OL0RF0RTH - available fro* The Ulcro Works
> Am iCnTIONS PROGRAMS <
•■ flrnFORTH - 6809 only. $350 <$10)
For terget coup 1 1 et I ons to roevwbla code.
Automatically deletae unused code and unneeded
dictionary Information. Includes full source code for
terget co*$Mar end essentlel FORTH nucleus. Requires
but does not Include tFORTH*.
•• TIW PASCA*. coBOller In FORTH. 6*00/09 $?9 ($20J
•• FORTH rR0<F*e4|NG AIDS - elaborate decospl ling end
progrea analysis tools $190 ($101.
•• Also svelleble: code for tloetlng point, tleers, end
reel tin* programing.
1927 Curtis Ave., Redondo Beach, CA 90278 <213t 376 9941
60
'68' Micro Journal
*** NEW 6805 ALL CMOS CARD ***
D6-1S US-*)*
cd m
a aaoiaan^a ^ Of
®
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ioo^o O 1 POD k US " _.
!SS ¥ S a ■:<"--— H f'^in I
■ an a a I •• J ^^^~ "^^^ l_l
:ss«s s °C F5Sr n c 1
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U21
)EPPOM / RAM
7716 / 61U
20519
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rCDt07B
, ■ *
1
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PAH
6116
1 —
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a annna r* « f T*" ^"l f 74lcJ7J /^\
a a a no a «. a — OL Uli »«
C» E» C» # * * • ••» * * V "
© ~
^-^ SS - SO SUSS COWNCCTOR
r^ j
r 7 74,el73
> 74U24< Qj 7414244 O) 74ls
mO
©
CPU-S-P Blink card vith docu-tnt-t ion 54$. 00
CPU-S-P Partial card (parts --.rfcfd ■« not incl.t $22$, 00) Includes CPR.OH Monitor
CPU-S-r full card with all »arU aho*#« U.l ly ••••»bl<d^ SJ49.00 1 and US vac Power Pak.
CROSS-ASSEMBLERS for T\.t% <(c] TSC» 680$ •y«t«* 5IS0.00
SO FTWAR E
VDlSK Tr»it «rt«nd«d namorr av «■
•up* r (4*1 dlik drlfi
&809 fourci 4 oM*ct HO 00
6*0* oblacl * ft 00
OUTSIOC PtODCM PROGRAM Incl fourci
UnlFLCK vinion tlOO.OO
FLEX vtrtlon 4600 4 460? I SO. 00
HAYCS SMART MODEM I24» 00
CROSS ASSEMBLERS Cor 4 6 0.4601.4103
run. on 4607 TLZI 1130 00
TV-EDIT Scrim orltntid Editor
(or TLCX 460? I f3 00
P.«4«« ipiclfy 3- or »*» Dlak whan
pitting ordar
C H I S»3
Pltiii not* whin ordering IC*a
that a tlOO.OO Klnlaui la In aCCact
Ordara laaa than Ina minimum will
ba chirgid an iddi tioml 110.00 for
hindl 1 ng
4U4P-3 2MKZ 113 SO
2014P-2 2MKZ ItO.SO
NCV MEMORY PRICES TO INTRODUCE VDlSK
S-R/R without mamory chip* 1120.00
with 6K NMOSt2MH2 tl4t 00
with 14K NMOSt2MH2 lift. 00
with 32K NMOS92MHZ t2tt 4 00
with «6K NMOSt2MHZ 13?» 00
Bin Cud i 4jf 00
tiUndtr Cirdi intab with logic aid
SS-30/30C I 23,00
SS-30 I 23.00
SP-1 Prolotypa Board A/T tltS.OO
SP-1 Ban Card l 4t 00
SS-30 Vira Vrtp Board B/C t }f 00
SS-30 VI ra Vr*p Board B/C t 20,00
4602 Supar CPU A/T 1233 00
6602 Supar CPU B/C I 3f 00
Vldao RAM. B/C tit 00. A/T HtS 00
Paralltl I/O. B/C K» 00 A/T I13t 00
SS-30 Btcrplanti i,i. 6. 12.414 poaition
9 13 00 par alot w/o connactora
SS-30 6 poi BP w/o connact l 3f 00
Tranaltion Card ii* 00. A/T I t3 00
Molav Cold Mala tl 40. Tamala f \ 40
Molat Tin Mala I 40. Famala t 30
2714 1MHZ 1 4.30
2714-1 2MHZ 114.30
1 44603E1P
123
.00
46B02
1 1
00
46B0t
123
00
46B21
♦ 4
30
41640
♦ 12
00
66B30
6 4
73
74LS440
t 3
23
'66' Micro Journal
THOMAS INSTRUMENTATION
168 EIGHTH STREET _ AVALON. N.J. 0»20 2<6O9l 967-42U0
Nj RES. INCLUDE 9% SALES TAX
ABo* 3 Wfffci tm Cfcrrki I* Clti*
CONT. USA INCLUDE SJ.OO SHIPPING. CANADA S6.00. FOREIGN Si
MASTERCARD, VISA, and C.O.l>. ACCEPTED
Sand 120 00 to rtcilvi Cull doc uma n t a I I n , ichina
liatinga (or all board* currently In pro
2.00
t 1 c ■ , 6 aourca
duct ion
€1
CORN
*
COMPUTE P
BVBTEMQ 8S-SOC
DUAL PIA foga
SS-30 '1
BjC. W/Molex pH
Con. $24.95
111
fftitt
168K
PROM
21-2764 s
<i SS^SOC
B.C. W/Molex Con, $39,95
Writ* for FREE Catalog
ADD $5*00 S£H PER ORDER
WIS- ADD 5\ SALES TAX
ca^
11931 W. BJuemound Road
MILWAUKEE, WIS. 53226
(414)257-0300
Basic Aid
An excellent program
and fine utility."
Rainbow Review -Aug. 82
Smtle control key mptit of
BASIC coiftintfs. $34 95
Spectrum Stick
"More like arcade joysticks
than anything we've yet
encountered."
Rainbow Review- Oct.82
Response and cootrol put the |oy
back m color conpulrnf S399S
CAU NOW
?1? 441 2S07
FOft FAST 0EUVERY
All orders plus I? snipping
Colorcom/E
"Out of thousands of programs,
this program,.. SUPER f
80 US Review-Nov.82
A smarl communications package
Disk or Rompack S499S
CoCo/EAD
Color Computer Editor,
Assembler and Debugger s*95
Spectrum Paddle
For quicker site-to side action
and higher scores. S1995
SENO TO
DEPT.C2 93-15 &6T* DRIVE
W00DHAVEK, NY. 11421
NY residents add sales tai
"68* MICRO JOURNAL ADVERTISERS INDEX
'68 r MICRO JOURNAL 52.55
AAA CHICAGO COFUTER CENTER 8,9
ACORN COMPUTER SYSTEMS 62
ALFORD A ASSOCIATES 49
CHICAGO COMPUTER PRODUCTS 57
CHIRATECH SCIENTIFIC INS1RUEMENTS 51
COMPUTER DYNAMICS 60
COMPUTER SYSTEM ASSOCIATES 50,55
COMPUTER SYSTEMS CENTER 56
COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS, INC 47
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES CORP 59
D.P. JOHNSON 58
DATA SYSTEMS "68" 63
DATA-COrf» SOUTH EAST MEDIA SUPPLY -44 ,45,47, IBC
DIGITAL RESEARCH COMPUTERS 54
F & D ASSOCIATES 60
FRANK HOGG LABORATORY, INC 5
GIMIX, INC 3,64
GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER 00 58
HAZELWOOO COPUTER SYSTEMS 06C
INTERFACING TECHNOLOGIES, INC 63
INTROt. CORP 48
JPC PROOUCTS CO 51
LOGICAL DEVICES IMC 63
LUCIOATA Ltd 48
*€TA LAB 59
MICRONIX SYSTEMS CORP 52
MICROWARE SYSTEMS CORP 4,20
OPTIMAL TECHNOLOGY 58
PALM BEACH SOFTWARE 48
PRIVAC INC 6
ROBERTSON ELECTRONICS 52
SMOKE SIGNAL BROADCASTING 7
SOFTWARE CONSULTANTS 46
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS OORP. ...IFC,32,33
SPECIALTY ELECTRONICS, INC 50
SPECTRA SYSTEMS 59
SPECTRUM PROJECTS 62
STAR-KITS 44
SYSTEMS OESIGNWARE 50
TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS 60
TECHNICAL SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS, INC 1
TERMINUS DESIGN, INC 55
THOMAS INSTRUMENTATION 61
UNITEK 51
UNIVERSAL DATA RESEARCH, INC 46,53,57
WINORUSH MICRO SYSTEMS LfMITED 57
WORD'S WORTH 47
This Index Is provided as a reader service. The
publisher does not assume any M ability for
omissions or errors.
62
68' Micro Journal
DATA SYSTEMS 68
CHECK OUT THE NEW PRICESONTHE BEST BARE BOARDS AVAILABLE !
(THEN TRY SOME)
8" DOUBLE DENSITY DISK CONROLLER- $50Qo
5 1/4" DOUBLE DENSITY DISK CONTROLLER -$50 OP
DMA INTERFACE -$32 QP
64K DYNAMIC RAM BOARD - $50QP
6809 CPU BOARD -$45QO
MOTHER BOARD- $65°-°
6845 VIDEO DISPLAY BOARD -$45<>o
6847 VIDEO GRAPHICS BOARD-$45QP
DUAL SERIAL I/O BOARD-$25QP MULTIPLE I/O BOARD -$40<>.o
MODEM BOARD- $30Oo 30&5O PIN EXTENDER BOARDS -$25QPea.
•All Boards for lheSS-50 Buss
•All Solder Masked Both Sides
•All Silk Screened Nomenclature
Data Systems "6S"
2316 OlvsnlfM Wly
Oris ndo, Florida 32804
•Full Documentation Included
• Visa& Master Card Accepted
•Add S2°-° fort. O.O.
/&/ o«,425-6800 (8j
Florida residents add 5% sales lax. Prices effective Febuarv L IWtt
♦Add S4QP for U.S. Shipping
•Add $5<L° for Canadian Shipping
•Add S10QP for Overseas Shipping
OiUi Sytt#mt ^ar
2316 DMk»NM Way
Orlando, Florida 32S04
fUV EPROM ERASER
$49.95
N
* Em» fw ii tmmt is 1
• tmm +\NmQ*n |*71| THI. 7310, ?fttt gie)
INDUSTRIAL MODEL
00V-T8/2N
$68.95
WITH TIMER AND
SAFETY SWITCH
0UVT8/2T
$97.50
IWTELLIGENT
PROGRAMMER
STANDALONE
RS-232
* RELIABLE
* EASYCDffhwi
PROGRAMS ?508. 25*6. 2532, 2716. 27C16, 27C32. compatible
7TSL 2732A. 2758. 8748. 87«*t 8748H
OPTIONAL MOOULK 2564. 2764, 8TOA, 8741
* mm alow em m amrnmn owtwjl
* UPUM/»W«JMMB«|TM0U«MTaHOf«lBU
* HCMMOCtUOft MStD * s « MTTMUl ftAM
* tC OAT PftftTf I LAMM MUMANTV OK *LL nUOuCTl
soOrvroefflfLMSEO
PH0MPROa 12BK Version $689.
RDL TBTOWHCS, M0$
(MCS-48)
T*OG RAWING
PfVCE tNCLUOES
PERSONALITY VOGULf
S439.00
LOGICAL DHVICM INC.
781 W OAKt AND PARK BLVO ♦ FT, LAUDERDALE, FL 3331 \
Phone Orden 006) 776-5670 • Tel. t bo of 1M/1983 (305) 97*0967
. TWX: 51^955-9496 .
a
D
a
D
a
a
a
FINALLY for 6809
LATEST TECHNOLOGY
yet AFFORDABLE
REMOVABLE 5 MB WINCHESTER
Host advanced Winchester drive - 3.9% with
RENQVABLE cartridge or FUED Media
Stall sue - hall Minifloppy lore
Lou power consumption - low heat, no noise
Requires standard Minifloppy power - 5V,I2V only
Intelligent Microprocessor based controller with
sophisticated diagnostic functions
Fast data access by buffered seek oode
Operates with all eii sting CPU speeds
Expandable to include lore drive*
complete subsystem is available for FLEX
including software - $2395.-
(514)737-8787
interfacing technologies inc.
F.O.BOI 576 SnoMdon
4B90 Bourret Ave. Nontreil Quebec, N3I 3T7
'68* Micro Journal
63
The GIMIX CPU III Card
Watch this space for Systems featuring this CPU and GIMIX
Intelligent I/O Cards
s
3
The Original FLEX for Color Computers
' Upgrade lo 64K
* RS to FLEX, FLEX lo RS lite transfer ability
* Create your own character sel
" Automatic recognition of single or double density and single of
doubled sided
* All features available for either single or multiple drive systems
* Settabie Disk Drive Seek Rates
' Faster High Resolution Video Display with 5 different formats
* Save RS Bask: from RAM to Disk
* Move RS Basic to RAM
* Load and save function on FLEX disk
* 13 Supporl Commands 8 with Source Text
Languages Available
Pascal, Fortran, RS Basic, RS Assemblers TSC Basic, TSC Assemb-
ler Relocating Assembler. Macro Assembler, Mumps
if you am tred of playing parries on vol* TRS-80C Color Computer, or fcrtd ihal you are
handicapped &V "* I'mileliona of the RS BASIC ir» lry>ng la wnlea Program Ihat will allow you to
Artunlly USE Ihe Color CowpulW as a COMPUTER VOU ARE RCAOV TO MOVE UP TO THE
FLEX9 ' Quw niiiK] System II you wanl to have REAL PROGRAMMING POWER using an
Ertrenwiy Powerful BLtainsaa BAS»C PASCAls CCo prlers a lufl-hlowm Macm Assemble*
vrtlh a Library capably so you are notcortlinucttialy rainveribiiOlh* wheel YOUAREREA Y
TO MOVE UP TO THE FLEW " Opflraung Sysiem If you would Irke lo see il YOU REALLY
COULD USE A COMPUTER IN YOUR BUSINESS or begin to make you* Computer start
PAYING IT S OWN WAY by doing tome Computer Work lor the m.N«yis ol smaM bosnesses
eiound you such aa Wotdprotetsiiig Payroll Aaoummg. rnvertory. c*c then YOU ARE
REACT TO MOVE UPT0THEFLEX9 Operating Syslem Mowr> DATA COMP has the way
DATA-COeJP i f LE X9 " Conwennon tor |ha TRS-80C Color Computet was dengrwd for itie
SERIOUS COMPUTER USER, with fealures line greatly increased OrspJay Screens With
Lower Cat* letters to you can put a FULL Menu on ONE Screen, or see SEVERAL Para
graphs at in* tame time; with leases <** providing a FULL Keyboard to you nave FULL
Control of your Compuf*f AMD rt i Programs NATURALLY vrttxHitneetftnge chart to see what
Kay Cortfcwiatron wtfl qrt* you what function witn USER ORIENTED functions lo make utmg
tht Operafmg Syllem natural Ma having me Computer AUTOMATICALLY d e l em i m e wftaf
type ol Otsh i* being used n what type ol EH* Drive and worhmg accordingly rather thai you
have to specify each and »v»ry thing for it or fake having the Computer mxk with the Pmfer you
have bean u«*tg aM along wl hour you having to tot |Nb new Operating System wnai is mere, ale
DATA-COUP has everything you need to make you* TRS-80C Goto* Computer WORK
for YOU; Irom pgtm end Piece* to Full. Ready To Uee SYSTEMS, OATA-COMP designs
eetie, services, md SUPPORTS Computer SYSTEMS, not jutt Software CALL data
COMP TO AY to make your Computer WORK FOR YOUf
System ft#gu*r#m#oii
FLEX* Special General Vetuon * Edarx & A*aen*j*w «whch <wnaty seA lor $5000
eM $15000
F-MATE<RS) FLEX9 Convers** Rout tor the RS O** Oontmaa*
when purchased with Spvoal Genera) FLEX9 Sys STO95
when purtnaeeo wi*v*»1 Ihs General R.EX9 Sys $7*95
S»1 ot Eighl e4K RAM Chape w Mod ITOiruclmns K9.96
Color Computer wKhMK Ham and EXT BASIC SaMM
Color Computer with 1*K RAN $289 95
Color Compvt r wrtth 1€K RAM and EXT BASIC 1389 95
SPECIAL SYSTEM PACKAGES
84K Radio Shack COLOR COMPUTER . Radio ShkckCOLOR OtSK CONTROLLER, a Disk
Drive Syatem, Special General Version of FLEX9 . F-MATMRS) end a Box of 10
Double Density Diskettes e COMPLETE, ready lo run SYSTEM on your Color TV Sel.
11249.95
DISK DRIVE PACKAGES etc
mesa Packages incl ude the Rede Shack Disk Controller, Disk Drives with Poin*< Supply and
Cabinet, and Disk Dtivo Cable
PAK • 1 I angle Sided Oouble Density Sye $499 95
PAK a 2 2 Single S«Jed Double Density Sys $789 95
PAK *3 1 Oouble SKtod Oouble Density Sys $599 95
PAK #4 2 Oouble S«oed Double Density Sv*. $94995
PAK #* 2 Qwme Thlnlme Double S«d*cl Oouble Oenstfy Sys. $764 95
PARTS ANO PIECES
Rexao Shack Otsk ortroiler
i Tendon Smote Saded Oouuts Oanstfy D«sk Drive
1 Tendon Double Sided Doub* Dena»ry Drsk Drrve
i Oume Tnvikne Ooufae S*ed Otmaae Oansey
Ssn^ae Dnve Cat-net with Powet Suppry
Oouble Onve Cabwt w ith Power Supply
Smgie On^ Disk Cable kv RS Controller
Double Dove Disk Cable tor RS Contro*krr
Mfo Tech Prods to LOWER CASE ROM Adapter
Radio Shac* BAS9C Version It ROM
Raojo Snac* Eitenoed Base ROM
$179 95
$24995
S3499&
$279 95
S69 95
$109 95
$24 95
$34 95
$74 95
$34 95
S6996
TERM — AN External Terminal Driver is FREE with purchase of F-Mate
PRINTERS
The Epson MX-80
$495.00
The Epson MX-100
$725.00
MX-70 $355 00 MX-80 FT $57500
it
Color Computer External
Terminal Program
$19.95
if
Color Computer Stylograph
Running Under F-Mate
$195.00
SOFTWARE
CHESS &
<£) 6809 ^#
Reouiiee FLEX" and one or ihe loltowmg CRT lermmais
Now Runt On Any Type Terminal
Feature*
' Two diapiey boerde
< Four level a of play,
• Polm acoring ayatern
• Ptay while or black.
• Change or eel-up boorda piece poUliona.
• Forfed move.
• Swap aidea
• Make move **4 awap aidee,
• Change iklll arvei
• S*op and ret ten qmi*.
• Solve Male Hi 12 3-4/ movei.
$79»5Speoty 5 or d disk
Thia fa on* of the ettxtgoet CHESS program* running
onanymkrocOmpuier>estlmaieduacFRatirigi900 . .
OieT-TRAC Forecaster
A Diot Planranq and Aria»ysis Program
KT TRAC Fo nci lW f 4 * pogram |h*i p\tr* m d*t <r. iprrm o*
«#w utow and pvom*^ d | *tof>c**t*» p&9<«% tr< itn%
PC P F Vj » arkm« erf C**tK>*f0r«ti *>&** v< F* leotf *«
dWlQWqi 9*ff & ** -I tWMC »QQd fffQupi l> IBi'lE H QfW m««|
eur*> Mh fruit «nd Wl 'or I lpK«k 4f4«4j«i
S*i Aft m«n P'iMfti we^rn f r*m# &^« Aot4 T lm m<3
IdIV **>9ft *ftd ILMlBirww CSIOrwt kw fTy ++#* of PW lHOV*
tf*«lw*i art ca«cwiBl*d *h#n a >»qN goti <» ^tn i^rr^o g** v
Idul •rtd*tik>'*c 1 !*n >*gp«KJuDO^btFw*#nm*{-d<n0uMr indlh*
ir**riu^' ir>« «jmti»r or dan m r« k h in* *^jw go* 4 crott^td
Th» HvIaq jno enOing r^t qi «*«gH Xn» H t*Jc w'tlM >nd ft d*- V
- -pi «*c^ d*v ' p«*tficiea *aigw lo* * >o tf*t p*n«t i
FLEX VERSION
Uftrf LIK VERSION
DATA-COMP
SOUTH EAST MEDIA
P.O. Box 794 HIXSON, TN 37343
1-6 15-84 2-4601
Verbatim Diskettes.
S Bon s«cto< Oieke
Sin9»e Sloe Skngi* O^airy is 7S ee
Singly firto DovQiie Oenaiiy 17 75 ••
Oquo* S«4a Ooubto Owimtiy M 97 ee
Piatlic Slor»g» Bex to 00 ••
• Soil Seclor 0*eka
Stngla Site SlngJi Den»lty » 75 ee
Single Side Oouble Oenetly J4 10 ie.
Double SleSc Ooohie Oert aUy $4 75 ea
Plailic Ubrary Bar (9 00 aa
Foreign Ordirt Add 10% Surl*c»-20% Ah Mail
WINCHESTER BACKUP UTILITIES
The loiiowing ublibes allow the backup ol any sire
disk syslem lo any aize diskettes,
Byaimpiy ineerlmg diskettes as requested by COPY
MULT a *e/ye osk syslem (WvKhesrer, etc J may 00
downtoaded to your present r^oppy disk system any
sjie No twd 10 h*»« wiih dtteclory de%t«ona or eny of
we othe* todous opefaaoTts ihal musi be none usetg a
normal copy rouurw
COPYMULTCM0 umfc'sia/ffc noftnaJ copy syntax
and arrays keep* up vwjh lees ataady eop«d by m&n
Itfing director*?? (Or Doth host and recewog disk syi-
lam tfius e anwi an ng hours o* ledtous keyboard entnva
and other Ume consurwng cleanup chorea
BACKUP-CMQ is a specni proo/am that downbad*
random type file*, any size
RESTORE. CM0 a special program to restructure
copied random friOS tor copying oc reecpying back lo
the host aysiem
FREEUNK-CMDa bonus ufiliiytnat relinks ihelroe
Chain of a floppy or hard disk t1*ereby eliminating itag-
mentation
•• Completely documented source flies Included,
" ALL 3 Programs S99.S0 on 8 diskette
Data-Comp— South East Media & 68 Micro Journal Are Divisions of CPI
68 Micro Journal
S900 Cassandra Smith
Hlison, TN 37343
IBM* Ml
Second Class Postage Paid
Al Chattanooga TN
ISSN 0194-5025
^nifi 31IHM
Vv ??^oqo
— HELIX
II
H»W0» «M*M** '■*"■
MHfl^^^i
^^
THE MAINFRAME TM
• Industry Standard Optima Cabinet
• Largest Constant Voltage Power
Supply in the industry
• S»64 Bus gives 16 Bil Power and
S-50 Bus Compatibility
• 10 Main (S-64) Slots
• 14 I/O (S-30) Slots plus 2 On-board
• On-board Baud Rate Generator
to 38 4Kb
• Space and Power tor two 5tt' Disk
Drives
• Full Address Decoding for I/O Slots
• Two RS-232 Serial and Two parallel
Ports Onboard
• Single Board Construction for
Reliability
• faraday Shielded Bus Lines give
Text Book Clean Signats
THE PROCESSORS
6809
• Standard 2 MHz Operation
• Standard DAT Compatible with
GtMIXandSWTPC
• Standard 6840 Interval Timer
• Standard 1K Scratchpad RAM
• Standard Clock/Calendar with Battery
• Provision for Programmers Console
68000
• Standard 8 MHz Operation
• Memory Management Hardware
• Provision for Programmers Console
• 16 Bit Power and 8 Bit Compatibility
The HELIX™ computer system represents the latest advance in S-50
bus computer systems. Relying on the physical nature of S-50 bus
connectors to guarantee compatibility, the HELIX adds 14 bus lines
(becoming S-64) to allow a 68000 processor to operate with full 16 bit
data transfer and 24 bit addressing, while at the same time providing
full interchangability with existing S-50 components.
Offered with a selection of processors, memories, and peripheral con-
trollers, a HELIX system can be configured for applications ranging
from advanced hobbyist to multiterminal time-sharing
Designed to offer the utmost in speed, reliability, and utility at a
reasonable price, it represents a new standard of quality for those
who require a professionally designed computer for professional use.
THE POWER SUPPLY
• Ferro-resonantTransformerfor Line Noise
and Under-Voltage Protection
• Conservative 25 Amps at 8 5 Volts
• Conservative 5 Amps at ±16 Volts
• Conservative Component Rating for
Reliability
THE COMPONENTS
• Fully Socketed
• Gold Plated Bus Connectors
• Or ly"B" Series 68XX Components Used
• Only Top Grade Logic Circuits Used
• Industrial Grade Components Througho ut
THE MEMORIES
DM-64
• Field Proven
• Proprietary Memory Control Logic
■ FullyTransparent Refresh
• Tested at 2 5 MHz Operation
DM-512
• 512K Bytes on a Single S-64 Board
• 16 Bit Power and 8 Bit Compatibility
• Runs in Existing S-50 Systems where
Physical Space Allows
■ Full 24 Bi! Addressing
• FullyTransparent Refresh
THE PRICES
Because of the variety of configurations
possible, full pricing cannot be given Rep-
resentative prices are'
• 64K6809 HELIX.
$1995
• 64K 68000 HELIX , $2595
• 512K6809 HELIX $4450
• 512K 68000 HELIX $4995
HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
907 E, Terra, O'Fallon, Missouri 63366
Dealer and OEM Inquiries Invited We support our Dealers
(314) 281-1055
Oplima in nTmd« mack. Arlartt*
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